Romanesque architecture: yam ntxwv, nta, piv txwv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Romanesque style hauv architecture yog inextricably txuas nrog keeb kwm era uas nws tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub 11th-12th centuries, muaj ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe: muaj ntau me me feudal xeev, raids los ntawm nomadic pab pawg neeg pib, feudal tsov rog raged. Tag nrho cov no xav tau cov tsev loj, muaj zog uas tsis yooj yim los rhuav tshem thiab ntes.

Ob tus kheej lub tsev ntawm feudal lords thiab Christian vaj tse hloov mus ua ib tug fortress, raws li cov nomads tau tawm tsam ob tug tswv av thiab monasteries nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm ntes tau nyiaj ntau npaum li cas kub thiab lwm yam khoom muaj nqis li sai tau. Tsis muaj leej twg xav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv cov tsev dhau los.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm style

Cov kev txiav txim monastic ntawm Benedictines thiab Cistercians tau pab txhawb kev sib kis ntawm cov qauv thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Lawv tau tsim cov chaw ruaj khov nyob ib puag ncig lawv cov tsev teev ntuj sai li sai tau thaum lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw tshiab.

Christian Romanesque architecture txawv ntawm qhov qub qub ob sab nraud,nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv. Nyob rau tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome, cov tuam tsev rau deities tau ua kom txaus siab rau lawv. Ua li no, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm kev pe hawm Vajtswv, tsis yog ntawm kev nplij siab thiab cov neeg nyob hauv lawv.

Lub Romanesque architecture ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog hais txog kev dav. Lub tuam tsev yuav tsum muaj neeg coob coob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws kuj tau raug xa mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv ntawm kev cai dab qhuas artifacts thiab kev nplua nuj yooj yim. Lub tsev zoo li no yuav tsum loj, muaj zog, txhim khu kev qha.

Txij li thaum medieval kab lis kev cai tau mloog mus rau ancient sij hawm, thawj Byzantine basilicas raug coj los ua lub hauv paus rau txoj kev npaj ntawm lub tuam tsev:

1. Central, sab thiab transverse nave.
2. Nyob ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm naves - tus pej thuam.
3. Tswb yees nyob rau sab hnub poob façade.
4. Apse nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.

Txawm hais tias cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj yog universal, lawv txhua tus tau yoog me ntsis rau cov xwm txheej hauv zos thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv los ntawm txhua qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hauj sam. Tag nrho cov no coj mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Romanesque architecture.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv sab hauv

Romanesque architecture ntawm Western Europe muaj ob hom kev koom ua ke ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj:

• basilicas yog cov tsev yooj yim uas muaj qhov txuas nrog apse hauv lawv sab hnub tuaj;
• cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig nrog qhov sib npaug sib npaug.

Lub koom haum ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv thiab qhov ntim ntawm thaj chaw tau hloov pauv loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv basilicas. Ib hom Romanesque tshiab tshwm, uas tib qhov chaw ntawm naves, uastau ua zoo li cov tsev. Qhov no tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv Spain, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis hauv thaj chaw ntawm Garonne thiab Loire.

Sab hauv cov tuam tsev feem ntau muab faib ua square spatial blocks. Qhov no yog kev tsim kho tshiab rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Romanesque architecture.

Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg pe hawm los ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej. Nws degree nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov phab ntsa tau ua. Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev los npog: cov kab ncaj nraim, domes ntawm sails thiab lub thoob khib nyiab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog cov ntoo ntoo uas tsis muaj tav. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog dai kom zoo nkauj thiab ntxiv dag zog rau sab hauv nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj tsis ua rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm lub koom haum ntawm qhov chaw.

Romanesque style hauv architecture dictated meej geometric kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub tsev. Lub ntsiab nave yog ob zaug dav li ntawm sab. Cov vaults tau tuav ntawm pylons. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob uas tuav lub load ntawm ob sab thiab lub ntsiab nave, muaj ib txwm ib tug pylon nrog ib tug load tsuas yog los ntawm sab. Qhov no tuaj yeem tsim cov xwm txheej rau lub embodiment ntawm ib qho kev sib dhos ntawm vaj tse, qhov twg thicker txhawb alternate nrog nyias nyias. Tab sis qhov style no yuav tsum nruj, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov pylons yuav tsum yog tib yam. Qhov no kuj tsim cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov pom qhov nce hauv qhov chaw sab hauv.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau apse, uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj. Rau cov hom phiaj no, cov qhov muag tsis pom kev dag tau tsim (feem ntau nyob rau hauv ob peb tiers), cov phab ntsa tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab, overlays, thiab ntau yam ledges. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv sab hauvtau muab rau kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm kab thiab pylons.

Zaub thiab tsiaj motifs pib tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ornaments. Lawv siv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Romanesque architecture ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog yog vim tib pab pawg neeg nomadic, uas nws cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov av no thiab assimilated nrog cov pej xeem hauv zos.

Sculpture kuj tau siv rau hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm cov tuam tsev. Nws tseem hu ua kev qhuab qhia hauv pob zeb. Cov duab qhia txog cov cim hauv phau npaiv npaum thiab cov motifs los ntawm phau ntawv dawb huv feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv portals. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub koom txoos ib yam li kev thov Vajtswv nrog cov lus qhuab qhia tsis tu ncua.

Sab nrauv ntawm Romanesque pawg ntseeg

Outwardly, Romanesque architecture yog qhov yooj yim hauv daim ntawv thaiv, tib yam li cov chaw sab hauv. Nws muaj qhov rais me me. Qhov no tau ua tiav vim tsom iav tau pib siv ntau tom qab.

Lub tsev nws tus kheej yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov ntim, qhov chaw hauv nruab nrab uas yog nyob hauv lub ntsiab nave nrog lub semicircular apse. Nws yog ua tiav los ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov kev sib hloov naves.

Tus qauv no kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov yees, uas nyob hauv ntau txoj kev. Raws li txoj cai, ob ntawm lawv tau nruab rau sab xub ntiag thiab ib qho ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm naves. Qhov feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj yog lub rear facade, uas muaj ntau yam architectural ntsiab lus. Feem ntau cov no yog portals nrog sculptures. Qhov no ua tiav vim qhov loj ntawm phab ntsa, uas tso cai rau koj ua kom zoo nkauj recesses uas koj tuaj yeem yooj yim.sculptures complex yog muab tso.

Kev saib xyuas tsawg dua yog them rau sab facades. Tab sis qhov siab ntawm cov vaj tse nce raws li cov qauv tsim. Thaum nws kaj ntug, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm pem teb ntawm lub ntsiab nave mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub vault ncav cuag ob npaug ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub architectural ib feem ntawm lub tsev.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Romanesque architecture yog qhov style no txhim kho cov classical ntoo basilica nrog lub qab nthab tiaj tus, hloov nws mus rau hauv ib lub vaulted. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, vaults pib tshwm nyob rau hauv me me spans ntawm sab aisles thiab apses. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm style, lawv tshwm sim saum lub ntsiab naves.

Vaults feem ntau tuab txaus uas ob phab ntsa thiab pylons yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lub nra loj, yog vim li cas lawv tau tsim nrog cov npoo loj ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov kws tsim vaj tsev ua yuam kev hauv lawv cov kev suav thiab cov vaults tau tawg thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntawm kev tsim kho.

Kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, nrog rau qhov xav tau ntawm thaj chaw loj hauv av, tau pab txhawb qhov tseeb tias ob phab ntsa thiab cov vaults maj mam pib ua kom pom kev.

Arch and vault

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshuav nws qhov chaw rau qhov xav tau los npog thaj chaw loj. Ntoo beams tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog qhov no. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tsim yog precisely lub cylindrical vaults, uas yog heev loj thiab nias rau ntawm phab ntsa nrog lawv hnyav, uas ua rau lawv tuab heev. Lub monument nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Romanesque architecture nrog xws li lub vault hla lub hauv paus nave yog Notre Dame du Port (Clermont-Ferrand). Thaum lub sij hawm, lub lancet zoo ntawm lub koov tuaj hloovsemicircular.

Kom paub txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim lub tsev vaults, cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau tig mus rau cov kab ke ntawm cov vaj tsev qub qub. Nyob rau hauv Rome, ncaj cross vaults tau tsim dua cov chav square. Romanesque architecture me ntsis hloov lawv: ob ib nrab-lub tog raj kheej tau siv rau kev sib tshooj, uas nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig txheeb ze rau ib leeg. Cov kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam coj mus rau lub nra ntawm lub vault thiab hloov mus rau 4 kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov ces kaum. Cov kab hla hla no tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev ua ib puag ncig arches kom yooj yim rau kev tsim kho. Los ntawm kev nce qhov siab ntawm lub tog raj kheej mus rau qhov uas cov kab ntawm kev sib tshuam tsis yog elliptical, tab sis semicircular, qhov siab ntawm lub puab tsaig tau txais.

Lub vaults muaj zog xav tau kev txhawb nqa txhim khu kev qha. Qhov no yog li cas Romanesque composite pylon tshwm. Nws lub ntsiab yog ntxiv los ntawm semi-kem. Lub tom kawg tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau ntug arches, uas txo qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub vault. Kev sib txuas ntawm ntug arches, pylons thiab ribs ua rau nws muaj peev xwm faib cov load los ntawm lub vault. Nws yog ib qho kev tawg ntawm architecture. Tam sim no tus tav thiab koov tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub vault, thiab lub pylon tau dhau los ua phab ntsa.

Tom qab ntawd, ribbed cross vaults tshwm. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas kawg arches thiab tav tau xub nteg tawm. Thaum lub ncov ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov style, lawv tau ua kom siab, los ntawm cov kab pheeb ces kaum los ua taw tes.

Sab naves feem ntau tsis npog nrog ntoo khaub lig vaults, tab sis nrog chim vaults. Lawv kuj tau siv feem ntau hauv engineering engineering. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm architectural forms yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm Gothic, uas tom qab ntawdtxhim kho lawv.

Kev tsim kho yam ntxwv

Lub ntsiab masterpieces ntawm Romanesque architecture yog ua los ntawm pob zeb. Lub limestone, uas muaj ntau nyob ntawm tus dej Loire, nyiam cov neeg vim nws yooj yim rau kev ua hauj lwm thiab kuj yog ib qho teeb. Qhov no tso cai rau lawv los npog me me yam tsis siv cov khoom loj. Nws kuj tau siv rau sab nrauv phab ntsa cladding raws li nws yooj yim los ua cov qauv zoo nkauj.

Hauv ltalis, lub pob zeb tseem ceeb yog marble. Nws cov xim ua ke ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov teebmeem zoo nkauj, uas tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Romanesque style hauv lub tebchaws no.

Raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, pob zeb tau siv rau hauv daim ntawv hewn blocks los tsim kev npaj masonry thiab rubble los txhawb cov phab ntsa. Tom qab ntawd nws tau lined nrog hewn pob zeb slabs, qee zaum nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub tsev blocks tau ua ntau me dua nyob rau hauv Antiquity. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev yooj yim dua los rho tawm hauv cov chaw txua txiag zeb thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw siv.

Tsis yog txhua cheeb tsam muaj pob zeb txaus. Nyob rau hauv lawv, tib neeg ua hnyav ci ci blocks uas yog tuab thiab luv dua li niaj hnub. Cib architectural monuments ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, England, Ltalis thiab Fabkis.

Secular construction

Public lub neej nyob rau hauv medieval Europe tau kaw heev. Kev nyob hauv nroog tau tsim qhov chaw tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm lub tebchaws Roman tau siv los ua. Ntau ntawm lawvtau nyob ntawm ib qho deb ntawm ib leeg, thiab cov khoom ntawm feudal lords sawv sib nrug, nyob ib ncig ntawm cov neeg kuj pib nyob. Vim tsis muaj peev xwm txav tau sai ntawm cov chaw nyob deb, ntau ntawm lawv nyob yuav luag nyob ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, lub architecture ntawm ntau qhov chaw muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Yog li, lub Romanesque architecture ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tsuas yog remotely zoo ib yam li lus Askiv, nrog rau tom kawg rau Italian. Tab sis tseem, lawv txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv sib xws.

Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hnub ntawd muaj ntau kev tsov rog uas cov pab pawg neeg nomadic coj nrog lawv. Kuj tseem muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm feudal lords rau txoj cai los ua ib thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv passive. Lawv tau los ua forts thiab castles.

Lawv tau nruab rau ntawm ntug dej siab, ntawm ntug pob tsuas, ncig los ntawm ib tug moat. Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Lawv tau ua siab thiab tuab los ntawm pob zeb lossis cib blocks. Muaj ib lossis ntau qhov nkag mus rau lub fortress, tab sis tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj thaiv, txiav tawm tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev nyob rau hauv.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog los yog lub tsev fuabtais muaj ib tug pej thuam ntawm feudal lord - ib tug donjon. Nws nyob ntawm ntau lub tsev, txhua tus muaj nws lub hom phiaj:

• hauv qab daus - tsev loj cuj;
• ntawm thawj - pantries;
• thib ob - chav ntawm tus tswv thiab nws tsev neeg;
• thib peb - tub qhe 'quarters;
• lub ru tsev yog qhov chaw rau cov tub txib.

Hauv Romanesque architecture, castles ua lub luag haujlwm tsim lub nroog. Feudal lords nrog cov txheeb ze thiab cov tub qhe nyob rau hauv lawv. Cov neeg txawj ntse kuj nyob sab nraum cov phab ntsa, uas muab tus tswv feudal thiab cov neeg nyob hauvcov zos nyob ib puag ncig nrog cov khoom tsim nyog hauv tsev. Vim li no, thiab kuj vim tias cov ntseeg Vajtswv tau tuav ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nom kev tswv lub sijhawm ntawd, lub tsev fuabtais muaj lub tuam tsev lossis lub tsev teev ntuj.

Royals tshwj xeeb tshaj yog loj thiab castles. Ntau pua tus neeg tuaj yeem nyob hauv lawv. Kaum ob chav siv hluav taws xob tau tsim hauv lub vaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm xws li fortifications yog lub xub ntiag ntawm zais cia underground passages, uas, thaum lub sij hawm lub siege, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thiab ua sorties rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub camp rau kev soj ntsuam los yog sabotage ua hauj lwm.

Different ntawm Gothic

Cov style Gothic tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe tom qab (ib puag ncig lub xyoo pua 12th), thaum Romanesque architecture ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog twb tau tsim nws tus kheej stylistic nta. Vim tias gothic hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov qauv peb piav qhia, ntau tus neeg tsis paub lawv ib yam.

Qhov tseeb, qhov sib txawv ntawm Romanesque thiab Gothic architecture yog qhov pom tseeb. Lawv txawv twb nyob rau hauv lawv lub hom phiaj aesthetic. Cov tsev teev ntuj Romanesque tau ua rau lub hom phiaj siv tau. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua kom muaj neeg coob npaum li sai tau thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev ua phem. Nws tau pom tias pawg ntseeg tau ua raws li kev tsom kwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv, kev paub thiab kev pom kev.

Gothic xav qhia qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg ua ntej Vajtswv qhov kev ua siab loj. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim cov vaj tse majestic. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev npaj tseem yog tib lub basilica nrog yees nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej facade thiab ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm sab thiab central aisles. Tab sis nws qhov loj me thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj hloov pauv.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau rub ntau dua, tsimncov. Tsis tsuas yog me me sculptures tshwm nyob rau hauv lub facades, tab sis lawv tag nrho complexes. Cov duab ntawm mythical creatures uas saib ib tug neeg los ntawm saum toj no predominate, xws li nyob rau hauv lub Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral nyob rau hauv Paris.

Cov tuam tsev muaj qhov rais loj uas muaj cov iav stained, uas tsim me ntsis mystical reflections hauv chav. Portals ua ntau txheej txheej, thav ntawv nrog cov qauv. Cov tuam tsev lawv tus kheej yuav nce siab, qhia qhov chaw uas tus neeg yuav tsum ncav cuag.

Romanesque Fine Art

Tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm no thiab kos duab Romanesque. Architecture dictated nws tus kheej txoj cai rau nws, raws li nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv decorations. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam tsev feem ntau siv cov fresco loj loj ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa nrog cov duab ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv phau Vajlugkub.

Sculpture kuj nquag tsim. Ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua thaum ub, nws tsim nws cov dab neeg uas siv cov tshiab tshiab. Lub siab nyem dhau los ua daim duab sculptural tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm no. Lub peev ntawm cov kab tau nplua nuj nrog cov duab hauv phau Vajlugkub, cov tsiaj mythical, thiab cov paj ntoo txawv txawv. Thawj zaug, cov duab ntawm nkauj xwb Mary tshwm nyob rau ntawm lub zwm txwv.

Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, cov qhov rais stained iav pib tshwm. Lawv kuj tau nthuav tawm scenes los ntawm Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm architectural, kuj tseem muaj cov phau ntawv uas tau muab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam duab, thiab cov npog tau ua nrog cov kub thiab cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig.

Architecture monuments uas tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no

Nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws ntawm Tebchaws Europe qub, piv txwv ntawm Romanesque architecture tau khaws cia vim qhov tseeb tias cov qauv no loj heev thiab muaj zog. Peb twb tau hais ib co ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Wb tham txog ob peb tug neeg sawv cev ntawm no architecture.

Lub Cathedral ntawm Notre Dame la Grande (Poitiers) yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Fabkis cov tsev ntawm 11th-12th centuries. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me nrog peb yuav luag sib npaug naves. Nws muaj teeb pom kev me me hauv nws, yog li me ntsis twilight reigns, uas yog me ntsis diluted nrog nruab hnub rays los ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm sab aisles.

Italian Romanesque cov tsev yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo. Ib ntawm lawv yog Ri alto Choj hauv Venice. Qhov no yog ib tug neeg taug kev npog qauv ntawm arched hom. Tseem muaj arched qhib nrog pylons ntawm ob sab ntawm tus choj.

Lwm tus thawj coj ntawm Romanesque style yog architectural pawg hauv Pisa (Ltalis), paub zoo rau ntau tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb ua tsaug rau lub tsev teev ntuj leaning ze ntawm tsib-nave cathedral - Leaning Ntauwd ntawm Pisa.

Hauv tebchaws Yelemes, Cathedral of Worms tuaj yeem hu ua piv txwv ntawm lub sijhawm architectural no, hauv Spain - Cathedral hauv Salamanca, hauv Askiv - Ntauwd. Thiab nyob rau hauv Vilnius, cov seem ntawm lub fortress tsev fuabtais ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd muaj sia nyob mus rau niaj hnub no.

Zoo kawg

Romanesque architecture tau dhau los ua kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thaum ub thiab lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntawm lwm cov qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Gothic. Tej yam yooj yim ntoo basilicas los ntawm Byzantium tau hloov mus ua majestic lug. Qhov no tau pab tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab kev tsim kho.

Kev tsov rog tsis tu ncua ntawm feudal lords thiab raids los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg nomadic yuam cov neeg ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd los tsim cov chaw ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm castles thiab guard towers, uas tso cai rau lawv tiv taus.besieged los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nrog tsawg tsawg.

Cov qauv loj ntawm lub sijhawm Romanesque tau khaws cia hauv ntau qhov chaw, ua rau cov neeg hauv zos thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig ua si zoo siab.

Thiab txawm hais tias qhov style no tseem yog qhov qub me ntsis, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Romanesque architecture tsis meej meej tam sim ntawd rau txhua tus, nws tau tso nws lub cim rau ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Western Europe thiab cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho architecture nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.