Alexander Deineka "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd"

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm koj yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus kws kos duab Soviet A. A. Deineka, tus sau nto moo ntawm monumental tej hauj lwm, neeg pleev kob thiab nraaj artist. Nws painting "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" thiab nws cov yeeb yam zoo nkauj tau piav qhia meej.

Short biography

Artist Alexander Alexandrovich Deineka (1899-1969) yog ib tug kws kos duab Soviet. Nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Neeg Artist ntawm USSR nyob rau hauv 1963, tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Arts ntawm lub USSR txij thaum 1947, Hero of Socialist Labor (1969).

A. A. Deineka - xib fwb (xov xwm txij li xyoo 1940) ntawm Vkhutein thiab lwm lub koom haum kos duab Moscow.

Zoo tshaj:

• "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd", 1928
• "Niam", Tretyakov Gallery, 1932
• “Donbass. Noj su, Tsev khaws puav pheej kos duab ntawm Latvian SSR, 1935
• "Yav Tom Ntej Pilots Tretyakov Gallery, 1938
• Sevastopol series, Tretyakov Gallery 1932-1934
• "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Sevastopol", Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej, 1942 thiab ntau lwm tus.

Artist - Tus saumosaic ua hauj lwm-plafonds kho kom zoo nkauj xws li chaw nres tsheb metro:

1. YMayakovskaya (1938-1939).
2. Novokuznetskaya (1943) hauv Moscow.
3. Frieze nyob rau hauv lub qhov rooj ntawm lub Palace ntawm Congresses (Moscow, Kremlin, 1960-1961), nrog rau ntau lwm yam duab thiab duab kos duab.

Nws cov khoom plig: Kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin, Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Cim Liab Liab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm, khoom plig.

Tus qauv thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws kos duab

Rov qab rau xyoo 1920, tus kws kos duab tau tsim nws tus kheej ntau yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab hauv kev kos duab thiab kos duab, uas txiav txim siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm A. A. Deineka txoj haujlwm tag nrho. Qhov no yog kev lag luam ua haujlwm, tsawg dua - kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, lub neej hauv nroog thiab kev ua kis las. Txhua qhov chaw tus kws kos duab nrhiav thiab pom kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tus phab ej, nrhiav kev nthuav tawm tshiab, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev sib raug zoo, los txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb saib ntawm tus txiv neej Soviet tshiab. Nws tej hauj lwm tau puv nrog txoj kev ntawm cov tub rog thiab ua hauj lwm heroic lub neej txhua hnub ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub Soviets.

Cov haujlwm ntawm A. A. Deineka hauv xyoo 1920 yog yuav luag monochrome. Lawv yog cov nthuav heev, txawv los ntawm lawv cov monumental daim ntawv. Lawv peculiarity yog cov dynamics ntawm compositions, uas feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ntse tawm tsam ntawm dav hlau thiab ntim, dub thiab dawb, ntau yam kev npaj rau tag nrho cov chaw thiab ib tug graphically meej, feem ntau ntse heev, style ntawm sau.

Cov duab uas tau piav qhia yog cov neeg: cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub rog, cov neeg ncaws pob, cov neeg tawm tsam, thiab lwm yam. Cov duab no, raws li txoj cai, yog dav dav thiab typified los ntawm kev xa mus rau lub suab nrov ntawm kev txav, kev ntshaw thiab tsis meej. Qhia tawm txoj kev npaj, raws li tau pom hauv daim duab los ntawm Alexander Deineka - "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd".

Kev piav qhia ntawm daim duab "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd"

"Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab thaum xyoo 1920s (1928, tus sau rov ua dua - 1956). Qhov haujlwm no los ntawm A. A. Deineka yog suav tias yog nws txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev hloov pauv lub ntsiab lus, yog khaws cia hauv lub nroog Central Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm USSR Armed Forces.

Tus sau sau tau teeb tsa qhov chaw zoo li nyob rau hauv cov friezes thaum ub, xaiv lub motif ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog - cov tub rog ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Qhov no muab cov duab flatness, tsis tu ncua, txav hauv ob qho kev qhia. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tsim nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev npaj, nrog peb ribbon.

Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, cov tub rog Liab - cov txiv neej thiab poj niam - mus rau pem hauv ntej, nrog phom rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom, hnav khaub ncaws txhua hnub, lawv cov khaub ncaws zoo tib yam, ua haujlwm. Lawv lub hom phiaj lub ntsej muag yog siab tawv thiab hnyav. Cov duab txav los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis nrog lub zog thiab relentlessness. Tus kws kos duab qhia meej meej txog lawv txoj kev ntseeg yav tom ntej, qhov zoo ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm

Nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, nyob rau sab saum toj ribbon, ib daim duab ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm cov neeg raug mob los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, qaug zog, tab sis piously ntseeg hauv kev yeej ntawm cov tub rog, nthuav tawm. Lawv twb tau ntsib kev tsov rog lawm. Lub suab ntawm lub zog ntawm daim kab xev no qeeb, zoo li nws yog, los ntawm distortion, skewness ntawm cov duab, lawv tau poob siab, tab sis tseem muaj kev ntseeg tias lwm tus yuav ua tiav cov hauj lwm uas lawv tau pib. Qhov no ib feem ntawm daim duab "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" tawm ntawm cov neeg saib nrog kev tsis lees paub tob hauv kev ua tsov rog. Kev tawm tsam kev ua tub rog feem ntau yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm.

Kev sib txawv ntawmKev txav ntawm cov duab ntawm Deineka's painting "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" ntawm ob daim kab xev no loj heev. Cov pab pawg neeg tsiv mus nyob txawv teb chaws thiab ntawm qhov sib txawv ceev. Cov neeg raug mob yog wandering, lawv cov duab yog silhouetted. Whereas cov uas mus rau qhov ntxeev lus yog cov duab ntawm cov neeg siv zog rau "kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv ntiaj teb kawg", uas tau txhais nyob rau hauv ntim. Generalization, typification ntawm cov dluab ntawm ob pawg, lawv tawm mus "los ntawm qhov twg mus rau qhov twg" muab lub zog ntawm Alexander Deineka painting "Tus kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Petrograd" tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tug vicious vajvoog. Qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov xwm txheej tau taug qab. Qhov kev txav no, zoo li cov xim thiab ntim ntawm cov duab ntawm lub foreground ntawm daim duab, lub silhouette ntawm lub sab sauv thiab lub immobility ntawm toj roob hauv pes muab cov duab peb-dimensional qhov tob thiab expressiveness, ua rau koj xav txog lub cyclicity thiab nruam. kev sib txuas ntawm heroism thiab tus nqi them rau nws. Txoj kev daws teeb meem no yuav rov ua dua los ntawm tus sau "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" Alexander Deineka yav tom ntej ntau dua ib zaug.

Nyob deb deb, ntawm daim duab thib peb uas tsis tseem ceeb thiab nqaim kab ntawm daim duab, ib qho toj roob hauv pes tau piav qhia: Neva nrog cov nkoj thiab ib feem ntawm embankment. Frozen los ntawm Frost, dej khov los ntawm B altic cua, lub ntug dej hiav txwv qhia txog kev nruj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntaub, sib sau ua ke cov kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw khaus ntawm kev txav ntawm ob daim kab xev.

Ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab

"Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" tus kws kos duab Deineka ua tiav hauv ob lub lis piam. Tab sis txoj hauj lwm ntawm daim duab tau ua ntej los ntawm qhov ntev thiab nyuaj ua ntej ntawm lub neej. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thiab, raws li, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tau hloov ntau zaus. Tus sau tau ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm sketch rau canvas los ntawm tiag tiag, tshwj xeeb cov neeg uas tiv thaiv revolutionary Petrograd los ntawm Yudenich. Daim duab kos duab ntawm tus thawj coj los ntawm tus kws kos duab yog tsim los ntawm tus thawj coj sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag-Red Army tub rog.

Tus kws kos duab Alexander Deineka hauv "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" txhob txwm txwv cov xim palette ntawm lub canvas, xaiv cov xim xiav xiav-hlau, greyish, xim av tones, whitened lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntau li ntau tau. Yuav luag dub choj cov qauv, ntshiab thiab muaj zog, hais txog qhov tseeb thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm cov duab pem hauv ntej. Deineka nws tus kheej paub txog kev ua tsov ua rog hauv pej xeem: nws tus kheej tau koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Kursk. Tej zaum yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd" tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev ntseeg uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv kev yeej ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, tab sis kuj yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg kev txom nyem. Tag nrho cov no qhia txog cov duab ntawm lub nroog kev hloov pauv, cov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm heroic, uas tseem muaj sia nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tib neeg thaum 20s lig.