Phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Thawj phau ntawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, thaum thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv Ivan Fedorov, nrog rau siab zoo ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kyiv John, pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "Apostle". Phau ntawv no yog npaj rau kev pe hawm thiab muaj Cov Tub Txib txoj Hauj Lwm los ntawm Phau Tshiab, Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm Cov Thwj Tim Dawb Huv, nrog rau alleluia, nqes los ntawm Ps alter. Qhov pib ntawm typography twb nteg.

Nyob rau tsib puas xyoo uas tau dhau los txij li kev tshaj tawm ntawm "Tubtxib Tes Haujlwm", muaj dej ntau tau ntws hauv qab tus choj. Niaj hnub no, cov tsev luam ntawv niaj hnub luam tawm ntau pua txhiab phau ntawv uas muaj yeeb yuj illustrations nyob rau hauv ntau hom npog. Ntau lab tus neeg nyeem tab tom tos rau lawv cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas nyiam los tshwm rau ntawm lub rhawv thiab tam sim ntawd snap lawv. Cov hauj lwm yog lub hauv paus ntawm sab ntsuj plig kev nplua nuj ntawm cov txiv neej niaj hnub no, thiab kev ntaus nqi ntawm cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws yog nce zuj zus.

Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cov Ntawv Sau

"Lub tebchaws Lavxias yog lub tebchaws uas nyeem ntawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb" - cov no yog cov lus ntawm ib tus neeg xa xov ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU ntawm kab lis kev cai (tej zaum nws rov hais dua cov lusclassic) tau dhau los ua cov lus hais thoob plaws hauv lub qub Soviet Union. Seb qhov no puas ncaj ncees tsis yog rau peb txiav txim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias muaj keeb kwm tob tob (XI caug xyoo AD). Cov ntaub ntawv loj tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog xuas tes ua, tam sim no khaws cia hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg thiab lwm lub nroog ntawm Russia. Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov classics ntawm 18th-19th centuries muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab universities. Chekhov thiab Dostoevsky, Griboyedov thiab Chernyshevsky, ntau thiab ntau pua tus kws sau ntawv tau pab txhawb rau lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Thiab cov no yog phau ntawv, phau ntawv, phau ntawv…

phau Vajlugkub thiab "Capital"

Phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws yog phau Vajlugkub, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub neej ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis ntev tas los no, "Capital" - lub hauv paus ua hauj lwm ntawm Karl Marx nrog ib tug thuam ntawm capitalism - kuj yog ib tug nrov tshaj tawm, nws yog ib tug siv phau ntawv rau Soviet tog functionaries, raws li zoo raws li lub zej zog ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg cov tswv cuab. Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm Karl Marx yog phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws yog kev ncab, txij li nws cov koob meej tau tshaj tawm los ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm. Tib yam tshwm sim nrog ntau lub ntim ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm V. I. Lenin - lawv tsuas yog muab faib raws li qhov kev txiav txim, txawm hais tias lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom muag raws li lub npe "Subscription Editions".

Thaum kawg ntawm 50s, ib qho teeb meem loj tshwm sim ntawm phau ntawv lag luam ntawm Soviet Union: yuav ua li cas nrog Stalin cov ntawv sau hauv18 ntim, luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv zoo, khi rau hauv calico nrog kub stamping, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 300,000 daim ntawv. Tom qab 20th Congress ntawm CPSU, muaj nyob rau hauv 1956, thiab kev thuam ntawm tus cwj pwm cult ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm phau ntawv, tsis muaj qhov twg mus. Cov khoom loj tau raug rhuav tshem hauv qhov cub qhib qhov cub, thiab ob peb qhov qauv uas tau tswj kom tau txais kev cawmdim yog qhov tsis tshua muaj niaj hnub no.

Russian tsab

Cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm hauv tebchaws Russia yog Bulgakov cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsis paub zoo "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita", Chekhov cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg, kev ua haujlwm zoo nkauj ntawm Kuprin thiab cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Gogol. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov kev puas siab puas ntsws loj heev ntawm Dostoevsky, Leskov's cov dab neeg tsis tseeb, Bazhov cov dab neeg kov … Cov phau ntawv Lavxias nrov tshaj plaws tuaj yeem sau npe tsis tu ncua.

Kev mus ncig ua si hauv keeb kwm ntawm Boris Akunin twb tau los ze rau peb lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis muaj cov haujlwm nto moo tsawg. Rau cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav, cov phau ntawv los ntawm Alexandra Marinina thiab Daria Dontsova, Tatyana Ustinova thiab Polina Dashkova tau luam tawm. Ib tug neeg nyiam cov dab neeg tsis txaus ntseeg, ib tug neeg nyiam cov dab neeg ncaj ncees, tab sis txhua tus muaj kev sib koom siab ntawm lawv txoj kev xav - cov phau ntawv nyiam nyeem.

Ntseeg

Cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm kuj yog sawv cev los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis tseeb, kev soj ntsuam thiab cov neeg tshawb nrhiav nom tswv. Lub detective palette ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog heev dav thiab muaj xws li tej hauj lwm xws li "Petrovka, 38" thiab "Ogaryova, 6" los ntawm Julian Semenov, "Lub Era of Mercy"Vainer cov kwv tij, Strugatsky cov kwv tij 'Hotel At the Dead Climber. Tam sim no, cov neeg nyeem Lavxias tsis kam lees paub cov ntaub ntawv taug txuj kev nyuaj los ntawm cov kws sau txawv teb chaws.

Sherlock Holmes

Txoj kev taug txuj kev nyuaj ntawm tus neeg tshawb nrhiav Sherlock Holmes thiab nws tus phooj ywg Dr. Watson yog cov txuj ci tsis tsim nyog uas tau nce qib ntawm cov ntawv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ntau xyoo. Tus kws sau ntawv Arthur Conan Doyle muaj lwm lub voj voog ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau tus thawj coj ntawm pirates, Captain Sharkey. Cov dab neeg no tsis muaj qhov pib tshawb nrhiav, lawv tau taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab zoo li kev ua haujlwm ntawm Louis Boussinard, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshiab "The Diamond Thieves".

Books about love

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav rau cov neeg nyeem Lavxias yog cov dab neeg tshiab, cov dab neeg luv luv thiab cov dab neeg hais txog kev hlub. Melodramatic zajlus, kev hlub peb tog, kev zoo siab thiab kev tu siab, apotheosis ntawm kev hlub thiab nws lub caij nplooj zeeg - tag nrho cov no yog nyob rau hauv luam.

Cov classics ntawm kev hlub kev sib raug zoo yog tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm "Eugene Onegin" los ntawm Pushkin, hauv cov ntawv tshiab "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita" los ntawm Bulgakov, hauv zaj dab neeg "Shulamith" los ntawm Kuprin thiab ntau lwm tus. Cov phau ntawv nyiam tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab khw muag ntawv.

Vilmont thiab Demidova

Tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm sau txog kev hlub yog EkaterinaWilmont. Los ntawm qhov kawg sau los ntawm nws, ib tug muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv "Kev dag ntxias ntawm cov dej ntshiab", "Secret qab lub qhov rooj", "Disguise rau tus neeg phem", "Nws nyuaj rau ua siab tawv". Svetlana Demidova (Lubenets) nyob rau tib theem li Vilmont hais txog kev muaj tswv yim. Nws cov ntawv tshiab "Ib Zaj Dab Neeg Banal" thiab "Tag Nrho Palette ntawm Tenderness" yog cov lus qhia zais rau cov ntxhais tsis muaj kev paub. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Ekaterina Vilmont thiab Svetlana Demidova yog nyob rau sab saum toj cov kauj ruam ntawm "10 cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws txog kev hlub" kev ntaus nqi.

zaj nkauj fantasy kuj muaj ntau tus kiv cua. Cov phau ntawv ntawm Strugatsky cov kwv tij "Lub teb chaws ntawm Crimson Clouds", "Roadside Picnic", "Hnub Monday pib hnub Saturday", "Nws nyuaj rau ua Vajtswv" tau suav nrog hauv Golden Fund ntawm Lavxias Lavxias. Tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm science Ivan Efremov yog tus sau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov phiaj xwm hauv qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Nws txoj haujlwm tsis txawj tuag "Lub Sijhawm Bull", "Lub Razor's Edge", "Lub Andromeda Nebula" tau zoo siab rau ntau tshaj ib tiam ntawm cov neeg nyeem ua tsaug.

Alexander Belyaev, tus sau ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm lub zog loj thiab qhov tob, xws li "Amphibian Man", "Xib Fwb Dowell's Head", "Air Seller", "Ariel", uas tsis tau poob lawv cov nqi kos duab yav dhau los rau caum xyoo, yog ib tug uas nrhiav tom qab sau ntawv.

Cov phau ntawv uas nrov tshaj plaws (lus dab neeg thiab kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm) tau sau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem,ntau tus kws sau ntawv tsis nyob ntawd lawm, tab sis lawv lub cim xeeb tseem muaj sia nyob. Cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov thawj coj siv cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb los txhim kho qhov kev xav ntawm lub sijhawm, txij li feem ntau cov phiaj xwm ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab yog nyob ib puag ncig qee qhov xwm txheej cosmic. Ntawm chav kawm, cov tswv yim no tsis muaj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv, thiab tus nyeem ntawv, nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev xinesmas, yog nyob rau hauv ib co tsis meej pem - nws tsis pom cov ntawv xov xwm. Qhov no yog cov khawv koob ntawm xinesmas, tab sis yog tias tus thawj coj mob siab rau qhov xwm txheej, kev nyeem ntawv ntawm zaj dab neeg yuav raug kev txom nyem - phau ntawv thiab zaj duab xis yuav nyob rau sab nraud ntawm kev thaiv.

phau ntawv Fantasy

Cov phau ntawv Fantasy nyob ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov phau ntawv hauv txhua lub tsev. Hom ntawv no zoo li cov ntawv tseeb kev tshawb fawb, tab sis nws qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis muaj tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab qhia meej meej cov pawg ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov phem. Raws li txoj cai, cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm kev sib cav ntawm cov rog zoo thiab cov neeg ua phem phem.

Cov phau ntawv fantasy nrov tshaj plaws tau sau yav dhau los, tab sis kev mloog rau lawv tseem niaj hnub no. Cov phiaj xwm zoo tshaj plaws tau muab tso rau hauv JK Rowling cov ntawv sau ntawm Harry Potter, hauv cov haujlwm ntawm John Tolkien, xws li Tus Tswv ntawm Rings thiab Cov Me Nyuam ntawm Hurin. Cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm hauv hom fantasy kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog zaj dab neeg "Running on the Waves" los ntawm Alexander Grin, uas cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg tshwm sim nrog kev zoo siab kawg. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm tib tus sau "Scarlet Sails" kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav tsis thoob, tab sis lawv yog cov neeg tsim, txij li Arthur Grey, uas poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Assol,nws sewed scarlet silk sails nws tus kheej - lawv tsis tshwm sim los ntawm khawv koob, raws li tshwm sim nyob rau hauv fantasy-style tej hauj lwm. Phau ntawv "Scarlet Sails" tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib zaj dab neeg.

Phau ntawv fantasy nrov tshaj plaws yog JK Rowling's "Harry Potter", uas muaj tag nrho cov cim ntawm qhov style no. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau ua tiav los ntawm cov neeg thuam thaum muaj kev sib tham pej xeem ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm.

Books rau cov hluas

Cov ntawv luam tawm feem ntau xav tau los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas yog cov classics paub tab. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv uas cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov poj niam lub npe sau los ntawm Antoine Saint Exupery's "The Little Prince" mus rau Kuprin's "Garnet Bracelet" raws li lawv nyiam cov phau ntawv. Ntawm cov kev nyiam no yog cov haujlwm ntawm "Tus Tswv ntawm Rings" los ntawm Tolkien thiab "Alice in Wonderland" los ntawm Lewis Carroll. Dostoyevsky's The Idiot thiab Ray Bradbury's Dandelion Wine kuj nyob ntawd. Lub Arc de Triomphe los ntawm Erich Maria Remarque tau nkag siab thiab hlub los ntawm cov ntxhais hnub nyoog 15-16.

Muaj tseeb Russia yog lub tebchaws nyeem ntawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj pes tsawg leej, cov tub thiab ntxhais tau dhau los ntawm lawv niam tais yawm txiv ntev npaum li cov ntaub ntawv nyeem thiab tab tom mus txog lawv niam lawv txiv.

phau ntawv txawv teb chaws

Phau ntawv los ntawm Asmeskas, Askiv thiab Fab Kis cov kws sau ntawv tsis muaj tsawg dua hauv kev xav tau hauv tebchaws Russia dua li ua haujlwm los ntawm Russianscov kws sau ntawv. Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ib hom ntawv yog sawv cev los ntawm Fab Kis Fab Kis Georges Simenon, nws tus phab ej ntawm cov dab neeg yog Commissar Maigret. Agatha Christie, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws tus kheej cov dab neeg, ua kom nto moo cov duab ntawm Hercule Poirot, nrog rau npeeg Marple. Phau ntawv los ntawm Agatha Christie tuaj yeem sib tw ntawm cov ntawv luam nrog cov haujlwm ntawm Shakespeare thiab txawm tias phau Vajlugkub. Edgar Allan Poe, tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas ntawm cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav, tau txais koob meej nrog The Gold Bug.

Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Asmeskas, muaj ntau tus neeg ua raws li lwm yam uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog tsib tus neeg sau ntawv Asmeskas, uas suav nrog Ernest Hemingway, John Steinbeck, Scott Fitzgerald, John Updike thiab William Faulkner. Cov yav tas yog suav hais tias yog tus kws sau ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Nws cov dab neeg "Lub Suab thiab Fury", "Sartoris", "Lub teeb nyob rau lub Yim Hli" tau lees paub tias yog cov haujlwm ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws. Thiab cov trilogy txog Snopes, tsim los ntawm peb cov dab neeg ywj pheej "Village", "City", "Mansion", yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham tsis kawg ntawm cov neeg thuam thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm. Faulkner cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws yog Lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj, uas hais txog Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment in style and content.