Roman poets: Roman ua yeeb yam thiab paj huam, pab txhawb rau ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Ancient Rome tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias thiab ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Roman cov ntaub ntawv nws tus kheej yog los ntawm Greek: Roman kws sau paj lug sau paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam, xyaum cov Greeks. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab hauv cov lus Latin me me, thaum ntau pua qhov kev ua yeeb yam twb tau sau ze heev los ntawm: lub inimitable epic ntawm Homer, Hellenic mythology, paj huam thiab lus dab neeg.

Kev yug ntawm Roman ntaub ntawv

Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev txhim kho paj huam yog txuam nrog kev qhia txog Greek kab lis kev cai hauv Roman faj tim teb chaws. Kev taw qhia ntawm lyric paj huam tau dhau los ua dav. Ua tsaug rau cov kws sau ntawv Greek thiab cov neeg xav, Roman paj huam tau txais qhov kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm ib tus neeg hu nkauj tom qab uas yog tus sau txoj haujlwm.

thawj tus kws sau ntawv Roman

Tus tho kev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Ancient Rome, thawj Roman kws sau paj lug yogLivy Andronicus yog ib haiv neeg Greek, ib txwm nyob hauv nroog Tarentum. Nws pib qhia nws lub peev xwm thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, tab sis thaum cov neeg Loos txeeb nws lub zos, nws poob rau hauv kev ua cev qhev thiab tseem ua qhev ntev heev, qhia ntawv thiab sau ntawv rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Rau qhov ua tau zoo, tus txiv neej hais lus Livius Andronicus nrog ib tsab ntawv pub dawb, thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav hauv kev sau ntawv.

Nws yog Andronicus, thawj tus kws sau paj huam Roman, uas tau txhais Homer's Iliad los ntawm Greek rau Latin, nws kuj txhais Greek kev xwm txheej, ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yam. Thiab ib zaug lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm pontiffs qhia nws kom sau ib zaj nkauj qhuas tus vajtswv poj niam Juno.

Livy Andronicus tsis txhais raws nraim - nws tso cai rau nws tus kheej hloov npe, scenes thiab kev sib tham.

Nevius thiab Ennius

Kev Kawm ntawm Livius Andronicus yog cov kws sau paj huam Roman xws li Nevius thiab Ennius. Nevius hauv nws txoj haujlwm nyiam kev xwm txheej thiab kev ua yeeb yam, feem ntau qiv cov phiaj xwm los ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Greek thiab hloov lawv mus rau kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej ntawm Ancient Rome. Nws txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ib zaj paj huam hais txog thawj Tsov Rog Punic, uas nws kuj qhia luv luv txog keeb kwm ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws. Ennius piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Rome hauv kev nthuav dav - nrog cov hnub thiab qhov tseeb.

Nevius yog ib tug kws sau paj huam Roman uas nws zaj paj huam tau los ua thawj phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Rome. Nws tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog ib tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm qub.

Tus neeg ua yeeb yam sau paj huam

Titus tau pab tsis tau tsawg rau kev txhim kho Roman cov ntaub ntawv thiab paj huamMaccius Plautus - ua yeeb yam actor. Nws nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub thib 3rd - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 2nd. BC e. thiab thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej nws tau sau txog 300 zaj paj huam, 20 ntawm cov uas tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Thiab txawm hais tias nws tau ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua yeeb yam, nws cov yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua yeeb yam thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws Roman txawm tias tom qab nws tuag.

Cov phiaj xwm ntawm nws cov haujlwm tsis yog qhov qub, tab sis ib txwm zoo siab thiab ntau yam. Nws sau ob qho tib si txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov pej xeem zoo tib yam thiab hais txog lub neej ntawm ib tug tub rog lub barracks. Thiab ib txwm nyob rau hauv nws plays muaj qhev, raws li txoj cai, muaj peev xwm, ntse thiab dexterous.

Roman satirist Titus Maccius Plautus tseem suav hais tias yog ib tus thawj kws sau ntawv ntawm Ancient Rome thiab tsis yog qhov chaw kawg hauv nws keeb kwm.

Golden Latin Age

Lwm tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Roman thaum ntxov yog Tacitus, tus kws sau paj huam Roman, tus sau phau ntawv Annals. Ua ke nrog "Punic War" ntawm Naevius, "Annals" tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Ancient Rome.

Lub Aeneid sau los ntawm Virgil yog suav tias yog qhov kawg ntawm Roman epic. Txhua tus kws sau paj huam Roman qhuas nws tias yog txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kav ntawm Octavian Augustus.

Ntau tus kuj tau muab piv nrog Iliad thiab Odyssey los ntawm Homer, txawm hais tias tsis zoo li lawv, Aeneid yog ib zaj paj huam txog yav tom ntej es tsis yog yav dhau los. Tus kws sau paj huam Roman Virgil qhia hauv nws zaj paj huam txog kev taug kev thiab taug txuj kev nyuaj ntawm Aeneas cov lus dab neeg, uas nws cov xeeb ntxwv cov pej xeem ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws suav tias yog lawv tus kheej. Nws kuj qhia txog qhov tshiab ntawm tus protagonist nrog Dido, poj huab tais ntawm Carthage,uas nws tau raug yuam kom tawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus vaj tswv tseem ceeb ntawm Roman pantheon - Jupiter, txhawm rau pib lub neej ntawm Rome.

Lyrics ntawm Ancient Rome

Tus tsim ntawm cov lus hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Rome thaum ub yog tus kws sau paj huam Catullus. Rau feem ntau, nws sau lyrical hlub sonnets. Cov paj huam hais txog kev hlub ntawm Roman kws sau paj lug rau qhov zoo nkauj Clodia, tus naas ej secular poj niam ntawm Ancient Rome, tau ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo. Catullus tswj kom muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv nws txoj haujlwm txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev hlub: los ntawm kev zoo siab thiab kev qhuas, kom tsim txom thiab kub hnyiab.

Tab sis cov nkauj tau ncav cuag lawv qhov kawg hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Roman Horace tsis muaj tsawg. Lub koob meej rau nws tau coj los ntawm nws qhov zoo kawg nkaus "Odes" - plaub phau ntawv paj huam nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Horace sau, tsis zoo li Catullus, tsis yog hais txog kev hlub xwb. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nws tau mob siab rau Octavian Augustus, hu nkauj thiab qhuas nws lub siab thiab lub zog ntawm Roman riam phom, lub neej thiab kev phooj ywg.

Feem ntau Horace thuam luag tus cwj pwm ntawm nws ib tiam.

nkauj kho siab

Ib tus kws sau ntawv Roman tshaj plaws nrog rau Horace thiab Virgil raug suav tias yog Ovid, lawv cov hluas niaj hnub no. Twb yog tus kws sau paj huam Roman nto moo, Ovid tau sau tej hauj lwm xws li Art of Love and The Remedy for Love, uas tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Thiab nws tau txais koob meej los ntawm nws cov paj huam thaum ntxov, suav nrog hauv phau ntawv hu ua "Cov Nkauj ntawm Kev Hlub."

"Kev Hlub Ntawm Kev Hlub" thiab "Kev Kho Kev Hlub" yog cov haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg uas muab tswv yim rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nyiam, teeb tsa nrogntse thiab satire. Qhov no yog vim li cas thiaj xa Ovid mus rau kev khiav tawm mus ntev. Emperor Octavian Lub Yim Hli tau pom hauv nws cov paj huam thuam ntawm nws txoj cai, uas cuam tshuam rau lub koom haum ntawm kev sib yuav thiab tsev neeg.

Ovid tuag deb ntawm Rome, tau tswj hwm sau ua ntej nws tuag "Cov Lus ntawm Pontus" thiab "Sorrowful Elegies".

philosophy hauv Ancient Rome

Cov txheej txheem kev xav tsis tau muaj nyob hauv Ancient Rome thiab feem ntau ntev ua ntej nws tsim, tab sis txawm li cas los xij cov neeg Loos muaj peev xwm muab lub ntiaj teb ntau tus kws tshaj lij, kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws xav, ib tus yog Lucretius Carus. Nws yog ib tug neeg txawj xav, tsis ntshai rov xav txog cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm, uas nws tau koob meej.

Nws kuj yog ib tug kws sau paj lug - nws tau sau ob qho tib si lyrical sonnets thiab plays rau theatre. Raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug Roman, Lucretius kuj tau ua tiav qhov kev vam meej. Nws zaj paj huam "Nyob rau ntawm Tej Yam", sau nyob rau hauv ib tug cim Latin hexameter, yog undoubtedly ib tug masterpiece ntawm ancient Roman ntaub ntawv.

Cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev tu siab hauv Rome tau tsim los ntawm cov duab ntawm Ancient Greece. Yog li ntawd, txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, comedy thiab tragedy tsis tau suav hais tias yog haiv neeg hom rau Roman kab lis kev cai. Keeb kwm Roman yog ib hom ntawv hu ua satura. Lo lus no txhais tau tias ib lub tais uas muaj ntau yam zaub mov.

Tom qab ntawd nws pib qhia txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov paj huam los ntawm cov lus qhia sib txawv, ua ke hauv ib daim duab. Qhov loj tsis tseem ceeb, yog li qhov loj ntawm cov nqe lus no tuaj yeem loj lossis me.

Ib tus kws sau paj huam uas ua haujlwm zoo ib yam yog Ennius. Nws luam tawm nws phau ntawvuas suav nrog ob nqe lus lom zem thiab qhia.

Lucilius Gaius tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm satura. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, hom ntawv no tau tso ib qho cim loj. Nyob rau hauv tsawg dua 72 xyoo, Lucilius sau txog 30 saturas, nyob rau hauv uas cov vices ntawm tib neeg thiab contemporaries raug denounced:

• npib;
• tus kheej nyiam;
• kev ncaj ncees "rot";
• greed.

Rau nws tej hauj lwm, Gaius Lucilius pom cov cim ntawm lub neej tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, kev ua cev qhev vam meej, kev lag luam vam meej, thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua phem ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws tau ua rau muaj kev nce qib hauv kev nplua nuj thiab muaj zog nyob hauv ib txhais tes ntawm lub voj voog nqaim ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb. Cov aristocrats, nrhiav kub thiab nyiaj, tau dhau los ntawm kev hu ua kev coj ncaj ncees.

Raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm, Satura tau yug los rau qhov kev coj ntawm cov ntawv nyeem raws li Roman realism. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo Lucilius, satura tau txhais tias yog ib qho haujlwm ntawm cov ntim me me, nrog rau cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg.

Kev tsim kho ntawm Roman cov ntaub ntawv

Cov kws sau paj huam Roman ua tau zoo heev, thiab lawv daim ntawv yog poetic. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau thiab ntau tus kws sau paj huam tshiab, poetic hais lus hauv Latin tau tsim. Hauv cov paj huam, cov kws sau paj huam pib qhia lawv cov kev xav thiab kev xav. Kev txav ntawm tib neeg txoj kev xav tau tsim nrog kev pab ntawm cov duab thiab cov khoom siv sau ntawv.

Kev nkag siab tob rau hauv kev kawm txog mythology, kev ntseeg thiab kos duab ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws coj mus rau kev nthuav dav ntawm Latin paj huam. Cov kws sau ntawv, tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov keeb kwm nplua nuj ntawm Greek cov ntaub ntawv,nthuav lawv lub qab ntug, tsim ntau thiab ntau dua tshiab thiab txhim kho tej hauj lwm.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws, Catullus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Nws yog ib tug tswv ntawm paj huam uas tsim lyrical paj huam ntawm me me ntim. Nyob rau hauv lawv, tus kws sau paj huam Roman piav txog qhov kev xav ntawm txhua tus neeg:

• kev hlub;
• kev khib;
• xav;
• kev phooj ywg;
• kev hlub ntuj;
• kev hlub rau qhov chaw nyob.

Tab sis ntxiv rau lawv, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Catullus, ua haujlwm tawm tsam Caesar txoj kev kav, thiab tawm tsam nws cov minions, uas muaj kev siab hlob tsis txaus ntseeg, sawv tawm. Lub zog tseem ceeb uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau paj huam Catullus yog Alexandrian cov kws sau paj huam. Cov ntawv nyeem Alexandrian yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev hais txog mythology, kev xav ntawm tus kheej thiab kev paub ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Catullus nyob hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb paj huam. Txawm tias Pushkin nws tus kheej txaus siab rau cov paj huam ntawm Roman kws sau ntawv.