Kev tsom xam ntawm Brodsky zaj paj huam "Tsis txhob tawm hauv chav, tsis txhob yuam kev ". Creativity Brodsky

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Joseph Brodsky yog ib tus kws sau paj huam nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Cov paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws yog paub rau txhua tus tub ntxhais hluas kawm ntawv. Quotes los ntawm nws tej hauj lwm thiab cov ntawv yog tawg nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo network. I. Brodsky tshuav Russia ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm masterpiece paj huam.

Txoj kev ua neej ntawm I. Brodsky

YYug Joseph Brodsky hauv Leningrad, xyoo 1940. Txij li thaum yau, nws tau hneev taw ua ntej lub mystical huab cua ntawm St. Petersburg: txoj kev ntub dej, tsev cia puav pheej … Tag nrho cov no tau tso nws cov cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm I. Brodsky.

Nws lub npe (thiab lawv hu ua Brodsky hauv kev hwm ntawm Stalin) tau ua ib yam tseem ceeb ntawm irony, txij li thaum tus kws sau paj lug tsis lees txais lub hwj chim ntawm Soviet (qhov no yooj yim pom yog tias koj ua kev tsom xam ntawm Brodsky zaj paj huam). Twb yog thaum muaj 15 xyoos, Yauxej tau ua pov thawj tias nws yog tus menyuam uas tawv ncauj tshaj plaws. Vim muaj kev tshaj tawm tsis tu ncua ntawm lub tswv yim, nws tawm tsev kawm ntawv tom qab qib 8 thiab pib ua haujlwm.

I. Brodsky nyeem tas li. Nws xav nqus txhua yam uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws kawm yam lustshwj xeeb yog lus Askiv thiab Polish.

I. Brodsky nws tus kheej tau hais tias nws pib sau paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18, tab sis cov neeg nyiam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm xav tias nws pib ua ntej. Nws tus kheej nyiam cov paj huam thiab xav tias nws yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev hwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Tsvetaeva thiab Rilke.

Lub Tsev Hais Plaub thiab tawm mus

Lub Ob Hlis, 1964 Joseph Brodsky tau raug ntes tam sim ntawd, tab sis rau dab tsi? Rau cov kab mob parasitism, uas yog, rau kev nyob ntawm lwm tus tus nqi. Tej zaum nws yuav zoo li coj txawv txawv rau peb tam sim no, tab sis nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm nws yog ib qho txhaum cai txhaum cai. Tus kws sau paj lug raug ntiab tawm mus rau ib lub zos me me hauv cheeb tsam Arkhangelsk mus ua haujlwm ntawm Danilevsky ua liaj ua teb. Thaum xub thawj, Brodsky yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam zoo tib yam thiab ua haujlwm hnyav tshaj plaws. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, vim kev noj qab haus huv, nws dhau los ua tus kws yees duab.

I. Brodsky raug tso tawm ntawm exile ua ntej lub sijhawm, nws rov qab mus rau Leningrad thiab sim pib sau paj huam dua. Txawm li cas los xij, censorship tsis pub lawv luam tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, I. Brodsky, twb yog ib tug neeg paub zoo nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, tswj luam 4 paj huam xwb.

Xyoo 1972, tus kws sau paj lug raug yuam kom tawm hauv tebchaws Russia mus nyob hauv Asmeskas. Nyob ntawd nws tau txais Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv, luam tawm cov ntawv sau ntawm nws cov paj huam. Nws tuag hauv New York.

Creativity ntawm I. Brodsky

1972 yog ib theem tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ntawm I. Brodsky. Raws li tau hais los saum no, xyoo 1986 nws tau txais Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau rau ib phau ntawv sau."tsawg dua ib". Qhov no tsis yog Brodsky nkaus xwb sau cov ntawv sau. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, lwm tus tuaj tawm - "Embankment of the Incurable". Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv sau, txoj haujlwm ntawm I. Brodsky yog ntau yam kev txhais lus thiab ua yeeb yam.

Nyob rau xyoo 1972, cov ntawv sau "Qhov Kawg Ntawm Lub Sijhawm Zoo Nkauj" thiab "Ib Ntu ntawm Kev Hais Lus" tau luam tawm, thiab xyoo 1987 - "Urania" thiab "Nyob ze ntawm Atlantis: cov paj huam tshiab".

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Brodsky zaj paj huam "Tsis txhob tawm hauv chav"

Ntawm no yog ib zaj paj huam uas nrov tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Nws yog permeated nrog lub ntsiab ntawm Soviet hwj chim. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau faus koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm ib chav dua li ua rau kev ntxias ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Thiab qhov no tsis siv rau txhua tus. Cov paj huam tau sau rau cov neeg uas muaj ob lub ntsej muag thaum hmo ntuj ua rau kev sib tham tawm tsam tsoomfwv, khaws cov ntxhais hluas, thiab thaum nruab hnub tawm mus thiab qw txog lawv txoj kev hlub rau lub hwj chim ntawm Soviet Union, thiab qhia rau lwm tus. Paj huam kuj hais rau cov uas xav tau kev ywj pheej tab sis them tsis taus.

I. Brodsky nyob rau hauv nqe lus pom zoo tias txhua tus neeg uas nyiam tham txog kev ywj pheej, hais txog txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kheej hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, muab kev xyiv fab me me. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau yog tias koj tab tom tshuaj xyuas Brodsky zaj paj huam. Cia lawv sim khiav tawm ntawm "cov mis nyuj nyob", uas yog, tus ntxhais uas tuaj xyuas. Tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav txais tau nws li cas hauv tsev yog tias nws tsis yog tus poj niam raug cai? "Tsis txhob hu lub cev muaj zog", piv txwv li tsheb tavxij, vim hais tias cov pej xeem nruab nrab ntawm USSR tsis tuaj yeem xav txog qhov notso.

"Nyob rau ntawm txoj kev, tshuaj yej, tsis yog Fabkis" - ironically ceeb toom Brodsky ("Tsis txhob tawm hauv chav"). Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam muab los ntawm peb qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab nws lub ntiaj teb kev xav.

Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Hlub"

Cia peb txheeb xyuas Brodsky zaj paj huam "Hlub". Nws dhau los ua pom tseeb tias nws tau mob siab rau tus poj niam. Tus poj niam no yog Marina Basmanova, tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo. Raws li contemporaries, I. Brodsky txawm txiav txim siab nws nws tus nkauj nyab. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov kab ntawm paj huam hais tias: "Kuv npau suav tias koj cev xeeb tub …"

Zaj paj huam pib thaum tus phab ej sawv, mus rau ntawm qhov rais thiab nco txog nws tus npau suav. Tus poj niam npau suav txog nws cev xeeb tub, thiab tus kws sau paj huam muaj kev xav txawv txawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, pom nws cev xeeb tub hauv npau suav, nws xav tias ua txhaum vim tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau txoj kev hlub no ntawm lawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws hais tias "cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog kev zam rau peb qhov liab qab xwb." Thiab muaj ib hnub, pom lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav, tus kws sau paj lug txiav txim siab mus nyob nrog lawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm ntxoov ntxoo. Qhov no yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, raws li kev txheeb xyuas qhia, ntawm Brodsky zaj paj huam mob siab rau kev hlub.

Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Kev kho siab"

Txhua tus neeg hauv lub neej muaj lub sijhawm thaum nws xav tias nws nyob ib leeg. Thiab ua ntej peb ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Brodsky zaj paj huam "Kev kho siab", cia peb tig mus rau keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation. Yog li, tus kws sau paj huam muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoo, thiab cov ntawv sau ntawv tsis kam lees nws vim tsis yog tus qauvsaib. I. Brodsky pom cov kev tsis txaus siab no nrog qhov mob uas tsis xav txog, vim nws tau hloov kho kho siab heev. "Nws yog qhov zoo dua los pe hawm qhov muab," nws xaus. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis nco qab txog koj txoj kev npau suav, illusions. Los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog "cov qauv kev tsis zoo" ntawm kev niaj hnub, uas yav tom ntej yuav dhau los ua "railings … ua kom koj cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev sib npaug …", uas yog, kev txhawb nqa. Nrog rau cov kab no Yauxej Brodsky qhia nws txoj kev xav.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm zaj paj huam "Kuv puag lub xub pwg nyom thiab ntsia…"

Hauv zaj paj huam no, Marina Basmanova tau hais los saum toj no tshwm sim dua. Thiab yog hais tias koj ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Brodsky paj huam "Kuv puag", ces nws yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias tus poj niam no tseem ceeb npaum li cas nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Lawv txoj kev sib hlub nrog I. Brodsky xaus vim nws tau ncaim mus rau lwm tus txiv neej. Ib tug tuaj yeem xav txog qhov kev xav uas tus kws sau paj huam tau ntsib hauv nws lub sijhawm.

Paj huam tau sau thaum pib ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Brodsky thiab Basmanova, xyoo 1962. Cov paj huam yog tsim raws li nram no: tus hero puag nws tus hlub thiab ceeb toom txhua yam uas tshwm sim tom qab nws rov qab. Qhov no yog ib phab ntsa, lub rooj zaum txuas ntxiv, lub qhov cub tsaus, lub teeb siv lub teeb siab, lub rooj sab nrauv … Cov duab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws uas flickers ua ntej tus phab ej lub qhov muag yog npauj. Nws coj tus phab ej tawm ntawm nws txoj kev npau taws.

Daim duab ntawm ib tug poj niam hauv zaj paj huam no tsis meej. Tus hero puag nws, tab sis … yav tom ntej, nws cov duab raug tshem tawm. Nws zoo li nws tsis muaj nyob. Kuj ceeb tias, vim hais tias tus kws sau paj lug piav txog sab hauv ntau tshaj qhov nthuav dav, thiab lub khawm ntawm tus poj niam nws hlub tsis zoo li evoke hauv nws.tsis muaj dab tsi.

Zaj paj huam zoo li nyob rau ntawm qhov pib. "Thiab yog ib tug dab ib zaug nyob ntawm no, ces nws tawm lub tsev no. sab laug." Cov kab no xaus zaj paj huam. Zoo li tus phab ej, hais txog dab, txhais tau tias nws tus kheej thiab yuav tawm hauv tsev nrog tus poj niam uas ntsiag to.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm paj huam "Lub Hnub Qub Christmas"

Ua ntej txheeb xyuas Brodsky zaj paj huam "Lub Hnub Qub Christmas", yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus kws sau paj huam nyob rau lub sijhawm twg. Yog lawm, Soviet hwj chim kav ntawm txoj kev, puas muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm tej hauj lwm ntawm kev cai dab qhuas ntsiab lus? Yog li ntawd, nws pom tseeb tias zaj paj huam no tau sau tom qab Brodsky tau tsiv mus rau Asmeskas.

Nws tau sau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum thiab mob siab rau zaj dab neeg ntawm Yexus Khetos yug los. "Tus menyuam yug hauv lub qhov tsua los cawm lub ntiaj teb," tus kws sau paj lug sau. Tej zaum nws twb pom lawm hais tias lub neej ntawm nws lub tebchaws nyob rau ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj, thiab tsis ntev los no kev hloov pauv nyiaj txiag, kev nom kev tswv, thiab kev ntseeg tos nws. Thiab tsuas yog ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem cawm nws.

"Lub hnub qub ntsia mus rau hauv lub qhov tsua. Thiab nws yog lub qhov muag ntawm Leej Txiv" - kab kawg ntawm paj huam. Ntawm no tus kws sau ntawv qhia meej tias txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Vajtswv, kom txhua yam uas noob neej tsim kho nws ntsia.

Tsis ntev ua ntej kuv. Brodsky tau sau zaj paj huam no (thiab nws tau sau rau txawv teb chaws), tus kws sau paj lug tau txais tsab ntawv tias nws txiv tau tuag. Thiab tejzaum nws tuagtus kws sau paj lug tsis xav tias nws txiv yog ib tug neeg tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam muaj ib tug hint tias leej txiv yog ib tug neeg uas muaj peev xwm muab kev txhawb nqa irreplaceable. Thaum Yexus tseem yog menyuam yaus, Leej Txiv saib xyuas nws, tiv thaiv nws.

Cov Lus Qhia

Yog li, peb tau txheeb xyuas txoj haujlwm ntawm I. Brodsky feem ntau, tshwj xeeb, peb tau tshuaj xyuas qee yam haujlwm, ua lawv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas. Brodsky cov paj huam tsis yog ob peb sau. Qhov no yog tag nrho lub sijhawm. Thaum muaj ntau tus kws sau paj huam ntshai tsis sib cav nrog cov tub ceev xwm Soviet, I. Brodsky ntsia nws ncaj ntawm lub qhov muag. Thaum nws txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm nws cov paj huam hauv nws lub tebchaws, nws mus rau teb chaws Amelikas thiab tau txais kev ywj pheej hais lus nyob ntawd.

Cov haujlwm tau txheeb xyuas saum toj no tsis yog ib nrab ntawm cov paj huam uas tau tso tseg los ntawm Brodsky. Yog tias koj delve rau hauv lawv txoj kev kawm, koj tuaj yeem pom tias feem ntau tus phab ej ntawm cov paj huam yog cov thawj coj, huab tais. Ib qho chaw yog nyob los ntawm nqe lus hais txog kev ntseeg Vajtswv.

Joseph Brodsky tam sim no suav hais tias tsis yog neeg Lavxias nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib tus kws sau paj huam Asmeskas.