Vajtswv txoj lus yogVajtswv txoj lus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

zaj paj huam heroic yog dab tsi? Obviously, qhov no yog ib lo lus denoting ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv ntawm tus so li cas? Cov hauj lwm zoo li no tau tsim nyob hauv lub tebchaws twg? Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua piv txwv ntawm hom no? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus.

Txoj kev xav

Txhais tau tias, "heroic poem" yog ib lo lus sib xyaw. Nws yog raws li ob lub ntsiab lus: "poem" thiab "hero". Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab sib cais, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lub ntsiab lus.

Ib zaj paj huam (los ntawm Greek poiema "creation") raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm loj hauv nqe, uas yog ib hom lus hu ua epic. Xws li ib txoj hauj lwm muaj ob peb ntu, sib sau ua ke los ntawm ib zaj dab neeg, uas muaj cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb raug xa mus rau hauv daim ntawv piav qhia. Nta ntawm paj huam raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem:

• nthuav dav zaj dab neeg (ntau qhov xwm txheej thiab txheej xwm);
• dav ntawm kev piav qhia (qee zaum ncua xyoo thiab ntau tiam);
• xov xwm tawm tshiab lyrical hero.

Keeb kwm ntawm zaj paj huam dag nyob rau hauv epics ntawm antiquity thiab cov Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Hero (los ntawm Greek geros "dared man, strongman, demigod" thiab Fabkis heros "hero")- hauv cov ntaub ntawv, lo lus no tuaj yeem sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

• tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
• tus neeg siab tawv siab tawv, ua yeeb yam.

Drived los ntawm lub npe "hero", lub adjective "heroic", feem, txhais tau tias cov nram qab no:

• muaj peev xwm ua yeeb yam;
• piav txog qee qhov xwm txheej heroic.

Heroic Poem Definition

Siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus "poem" thiab "hero", peb tuaj yeem tsim qhov "heroic poem" txhais tau tias. Qhov no yog ib feem ntau ntawm cov paj huam ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog ib co tseem ceeb thiab heroic txheej xwm, feem ntau txuam nrog legendary cim, lawv exploits los yog mus txawv tebchaws.

Ib zaj paj huam heroic yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab, uas yog ib tug sau ua txheej txheem pej xeem epic, yam ntxwv ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab uas twb muaj lawm txij thaum ancient sij hawm.

Zaj paj huam muaj koob meej nyob hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Epic pej xeem tales tau maj mam ua ke mus rau hauv poetic voj voog, uas ces tau dav paub thiab nrov.

Raws li txoj cai, ib txoj haujlwm epic muaj tus sau uas tau koom ua ke thiab ua tiav cov lus dab neeg sib txawv. Piv txwv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thaum ub yog: Khab "Ramayana" thiab "Mahabharata", Greek "Iliad" thiab "Odyssey", Cov Qub Norse "Edda", Finnish "Kalevala", German "Song of the Nibelungs", Fabkis "Song of Roland",Italian Yeluxalees Xa, Anglo-Saxon Beowulf, thiab lwm yam.

Los ntawm Antiquity rau Classicism

Lub hom phiaj ntawm tus phab ej epic tau tshoov siab rau cov kws sau paj huam ntawm ob lub sijhawm thaum ub thiab ntau pua xyoo tom ntej. Nws tau mus txog nws lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, thiab tau zoo siab coj los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism. Ib hom ntawv ntawm cov paj huam keeb kwm nyiam lawv nrog nws txoj kev ua siab loj, siab hlob thiab kev ua pej xeem. Lub lyrical hero ntawm paj huam yuav tsum yog tus qauv coj ncaj ncees. Classicists hu ua cov haujlwm no yog qhov kawg ntawm kev kos duab poetic. Nws ntseeg tias txhua haiv neeg yuav tsum siv zog los tsim lawv tus kheej zaj paj huam.

Thaum lub hnub qub ntawm classicism, zaj paj huam heroic yog ib qho kev ua paj huam uas sau ua tus qauv siab thiab muaj ntau tshooj, feem ntau hu ua "suab nkauj". Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus piav qhia tsis hloov pauv yog cov xwm txheej keeb kwm uas tseem ceeb rau tib neeg, lub teb chaws thiab tag nrho cov tib neeg. Lwm lub npe rau zaj nkauj no yog epic.

Nkauj Paj Huam

Raws li canons ntawm classicism, xws li ib txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum muaj xws li cov nram qab no Cheebtsam:

• pib, qhia txog zaj dab neeg;
• thov txim rau cov uas tau tshoov siab rau tus kws sau paj huam;
• ntau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sib ntaus sib tua;
• cov ntsiab lus zoo heev thiab cov cim mythological;
• cov cim tsis zoo uas sawv cev rau lwm tus, kev tsim txiaj, kev ncaj ncees, lub zog, kev khib, thiab lwm yam.;
• kab hais txog yav tom ntej,teem ua ib tug divination.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai

Cov paj huam Lavxias teb sab heroic tau tsim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm M. V. Lomonosov ("Peter the Great"), V. K. Trediakovsky ("Tilemakhida"), A. P. Sumarokov ("Dimitriad") thiab A. N. Maykov ("Liberated Moscow") thiab M. M. Kheraskov ("Chesme Battle" thiab "Rossiada"). Tag nrho cov hauj lwm no tau sau nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism. Cov lus piav qhia ua raws li ib txoj hauv kev: qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm lossis kos duab hauv zaj dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws cia cov keeb kwm authenticity, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, nyob rau hauv lub artistic txhais cov xwm txheej ntawm yav dhau los thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lawv kev soj ntsuam kev ncaj ncees. Yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab heroic paj huam txawv heev ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv style thiab kev taw qhia.

In Eastern kab lig kev cai

Zaj paj huam nyob rau sab hnub tuaj yog ib hom ntawv me me hu ua "dastan" (los ntawm Persian li "zaj dab neeg"). Cov hauj lwm zoo li no tuaj yeem sau ua poetic, prose, thiab cov lus sib xyaw (uas yog, nws tuaj yeem ua ke paj huam thiab prose).

Feem ntau cov dab neeg dab neeg thiab dab neeg dab neeg yog lub hauv paus ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm dastan. Rau hom ntawv no, cov dab neeg zoo heev thiab taug txuj kev nyuaj nrog ntau qhov nce thiab nqis tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim. Daim duab ntawm tus protagonist yog kev coj ncaj ncees. Yog li, sab hnub tuaj dastan yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm European heroic paj huam.

Cov ntawv nyeem no yog sawv cev hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Tajik-Persian, Uzbek thiab Kazakhpaj huam. Piv txwv ntawm oriental heroic paj huam: "Leyli thiab Majnun", classic ntawm Persian paj huam los ntawm Nizami Ganjavi, epic paj huam "Shahnameh" los ntawm Ferdowsi, cov paj huam ntawm Uzbek kws sau paj lug Alisher Navoi thiab Persian-Tajik kws sau paj lug Jami.

Tom qab taug txoj hauv kev keeb kwm uas zaj paj huam tau dhau los, peb tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias hom ntawv no yog yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg txhua theem ntawm nws lub neej, thiab kuj tau tsim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb.