Art of France: cov yam ntxwv dav dav, keeb kwm
Art of France: cov yam ntxwv dav dav, keeb kwm

Video: Art of France: cov yam ntxwv dav dav, keeb kwm

Video: Art of France: cov yam ntxwv dav dav, keeb kwm
Video: Алена Горенко 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Keeb kwm ntawm Fab Kis kos duab npog lub sijhawm keeb kwm loj, txij li lub sijhawm qub mus txog peb lub sijhawm.

Fabkis yog lub tebchaws zoo kawg nkaus, uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev paub tsis meej thiab kev txawj ntse, kev ci ntsa iab thiab sophistication, sublimity thiab kev ntshaw tshwj xeeb rau txhua yam zoo nkauj. Thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm nws cov cim tshwj xeeb, uas tau dhau los ua tus qauv, xws li kev sib txawv thiab kev kos duab tshwj xeeb tsis muaj tsawg dua li lub xeev nws tus kheej.

Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau kev tsim lub tebchaws Frankish

Yuav kom nkag siab txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab ntawm Fabkis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus ncig ua si hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm qub, thaum thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev Fabkis niaj hnub yog ib feem ntawm Great Roman Empire.. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th, active txav ntawm barbarian pab pawg neeg pib los ntawm lub ntug dej ntawm Rhine mus rau ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman. Lawv cov kev tawm tsam thiab kev cuam tshuam ib ntus ntawm thaj av Loos, uas tau raug kev puas tsuaj, ua rau lub xeev Latins zoo heev. Thiab nyob rau hauv 395, lub Roman faj tim teb chaws nws tus kheej tau muab faib nruab nrab ntawm cov tub ntawm tus huab tais tam sim no ua ob feem: Theodosius bequeathed lub richest sab hnub tuaj.ib feem ntawm nws thaj chaw rau nws tus tub hlob Arcadius, thiab pauv sab hnub poob rau nws tus tub hlob, Honorius. Kev faib tawm ntawm Great Roman faj tim teb chaws mus rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj zog rau lub xeev Roman uas twb muaj zog lawm thiab ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov yeeb ncuab sab nraud.

Thaj chaw ntawm Fabkis niaj hnub no yog ib feem ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws Roman qub. Lub tshuab muaj zog hauv 410 tau ua rau Rome los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Visigoths, coj los ntawm Allaric. Tus huab tais Roman kawg ntawm lub xeev tsis muaj zog tau nkaum hauv Ravenna, tawm hauv Rome mus ib txhis. Nws yog nyob rau ntawd nws tau overtaken los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Odoacer, ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog ntawm cov pab pawg neeg Visigothic. Nws yog nrog qhov xwm txheej no, uas tau tshwm sim hauv 476, tias lub caij nplooj zeeg kawg ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws yog txuam nrog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev pib ntawm Great Migration, barbarian states pib tshwm nyob rau hauv lub reclaimed av. Nyob rau xyoo pua 5, lub xeev ntawm Franks kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm Gaul.

Lub xeev Frankish thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Fabkis kos duab

Cov Franks yog ib pab pawg neeg uas txij li thaum ub tau nyob raws ntug dej ntawm Rhine hauv nws qhov qis nce mus txog thiab tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv B altic. Tus tsim ntawm thawj Frankish lub nceeg vaj nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe yog tus thawj coj hluas ntawm Franks, Clovis Meroving, uas tau kov yeej cov tub rog ntawm Roman tus tswv xeev nyob rau hauv Gaul ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Soissons thiab ntes cov cheeb tsam uas raug rau nws. Hauv thaj chaw tshiab, nws tau txiav txim siab nws cov koom nrog - Franks, muab nyiaj rau lawv nrog thaj av, ua ntau txoj kev hloov kho hauv lub xeev ob qho tib si hauv kev tswj hwm pej xeem thiab hauv kev txiav txim plaub ntug thiab kev cai lij choj, muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb - "Salic Truth. ", muab tso ua ke ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm generickev txiav txim ntawm pawg neeg ntawm Salic Franks. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them los ntawm Clovis rau kev xaiv txoj kev ntseeg. Kev txais yuav cov ntseeg Vajtswv tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb lub xeev tshiab xwb, tab sis tseem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm Frankish art.

Tom qab Merovingian dynasty tau ua tub nkeeg hauv kev nom kev tswv, lub neej hauv lub nceeg vaj tau nyuaj dua. Cov nom tswv txeeb tau cov vaj ntxwv. Permissiveness vam meej nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm nobility ntawm lawv allotments thiab peasants. Kev txom nyem ntawm cov pejxeem tau nce. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VIII, ib tug sab nraud hem los ntawm nomadic Arab pab pawg neeg kuj loomed. Ib tug thawj coj ntawm tus huab tais Merovingian kawg, Karl Martell, tau tuav lub hwj chim rau hauv nws txhais tes. Nws tau ua ntau txoj kev hloov kho uas pab txhawb lub xeev thiab kov yeej cov Arabs. Thiab tus tub ntawm Charles Martell, Pippin tus luv, tau raug xaiv los ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm cov nom tswv ua tus huab tais tshiab ntawm Franks. Qhov kev xaiv no tau lees paub los ntawm Pope. Thiab thawj tus huab tais Frankish yog tus tub ntawm Pippin tus Short Charles, uas yog lub npe hu ua Great hauv keeb kwm. Nws yog Charles uas tshuav lub teb chaws Ottoman Frankish lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb hauv kev tawg paj ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab, uas yog hu ua Carolingian Renaissance.

art of France
art of France

Art of the "original" Franks

Yog tias koj nkag siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev yug thiab tsim ntawm lub xeev Frankish, ces txoj hmoo ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam uas tau nyob hauv thaj chaw Frankish txij thaum ub los ua qhov tseeb. Nws yog tsuas yog kev loj hlob ntawm ancient civilization: txuas hniav, vaj tse thiab lub tuam tsev architecture, duab puab thiab ntaub ntawv, ua yeeb yam thiab kos duab thiab crafts. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiv plig ntseeg tsis tau xav tias yuav tsum khaws ciantawm cov kab lis kev cai nplua nuj no, tab sis siv ib feem ntawm lawv uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau kev tswj hwm kev cai dab qhuas thiab rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg layman. Yog li ntawd, kev pe hawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj yog nyob rau hauv Latin, lub tsev teev ntuj cov phau ntawv raug sau ua ib yam lus.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum siv qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Antiquity txhawm rau pib tsim cov tuam tsev thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, kev siv kev paub txog hnub qub tau pab suav hnub ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj daim ntawv qhia hnub, uas nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog tshaj tawm lub neej. ntawm tag nrho lub nceeg vaj. Cov Franks kuj tau hloov kho txoj kev kawm ntawm lub tebchaws Roman lig rau lawv cov kev xav tau. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov complex ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Frankish hu ua "Seven Liberal Arts". Koj hais dab tsi yog arts? Lub npe hu ua trivium suav nrog cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm lo lus: cov qauv sau ntawv, rhetoric thiab dialectics. Lub quadrivium suav nrog cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lej: lej lej, geometry, suab paj nruag raws li kev suav cov suab paj nruag thiab astronomy.

Kev ua yeeb yam thiab khoom siv tes ua tau ua los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev muaj tswv yim neeg tsis ncaj ncees, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj ornaments thiab dluab ntawm monsters lossis creatures uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag thiab feem ntau muaj qhov txaus ntshai zoo li lub lub ntsiab motifs. Hom kev kos duab no hu ua terratological lossis monstrous.

Art thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Carolingian Renaissance

Kev kav ntawm Charlemagne yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis tau pom dua hauv kab lis kev cai. Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm qhov no yog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus huab tais - ib tug neeg txawj ntse thiab muaj kev coj noj coj ua. Nwstxawj hais lus thiab nyeem Latin, to taub Greek, nyiam kev ntseeg thiab kev xav. Ib qho tshwj xeeb architectural lug ntawm lub sij hawm no yog lub palace tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Aachen, amazing nyob rau hauv nws artistic tsim.

Kev kos duab ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv sau tes kuj tau tsim: lawv tau sau ua cov ntawv sau yuav luag thiab dai kom zoo nkauj me me. Ntawm cov phau ntawv yog ob qho tib si theological sau thiab annals - lub sij hawm-los-xyoo cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Frankish Empire.

Cov tsev kawm tsom mus rau kev kawm thawj zaug thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb tau qhib rau hauv tebchaws. Tus creator ntawm thawj yog ib tug koom tes ntawm Karl Alcuin. Thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb tau qhib hauv Aachen cov kws tshawb fawb koom siab, huab tais tsev neeg thiab tag nrho lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Charlemagne. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, hu ua "Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Academy", philosophical sib tham, lawv kawm Vajluskub thiab cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Antiquity, ua riddles thiab sau paj huam. Thiab ib tug ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Academy tau sau thawj phau ntawv keeb kwm secular, Lub Neej ntawm Charlemagne.

Nws yog thaum lub sijhawm Carolingian Renaissance lub hauv paus tau muab tso rau kev khaws cia thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm cov kab lis kev cai qub thiab lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Franks.

Kev tsim tsa Fabkis ua lub xeev

Thaum lub sijhawm kav cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Charlemagne, lub teb chaws Ottoman uas nws tsim tau nce zuj zus lawm. Thaum lub teb chaws Ottoman tau faib rau Charles cov tub, sab hnub poob ntawm nws mus rau tus tub hlob Lothair. Thiab nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv txuas ntxiv ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm lub xeev tawg. Lub teb chaws Ottoman tau poob lawm. Qhov kawg ntawm Carolingians thaum kawg poob lawv lub hwj chim thiab raug tso tseg. Paub muab txoj caitxoj kev kav ntawm lub zog suav ntawm Paris, Hugh Capet. Nws yog sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub qub Frankish Empire uas tau pib hu ua Fabkis. Ua tsaug rau txoj cai ntawm Capetians, lub xeev tshiab tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb nqa xwb, tab sis kuj tau txais lub sijhawm tshiab rau nws txoj kev loj hlob, suav nrog kev coj noj coj ua.

Folk kos duab ntawm medieval France

Nyob hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag ntawm lub sijhawm medieval, ntau qhov kev hloov pauv kuj tshwm sim piv rau qhov qub. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntseeg tau suav hais tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua rau dab ntxwg nyoog thiab txhua txoj hauv kev tsim txom cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev ua yeeb yam tau tso tseg raws li qhov tshwm sim loj, cov tsev ua yeeb yam thiab chaw ntau pob maj mam poob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau pib tsim cov pab pawg neeg caij tsheb thiab ua si rau cov neeg ntawm kev sib tshuam, fairs thiab squares. Cov pab pawg txawb ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thoob ntiaj teb - histrions yog ib qho khoom siv tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim txom los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tub ceev xwm, uas yog subordinate rau nws thiab nrhiav lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj vim lub peculiarity ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm histrions thiab troubadours - itinerant musicians. Ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb muaj cov neeg tsis paub qab hau - cov tub ntxhais kawm yav dhau los lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm uas paub txog kev hloov pauv thiab lub hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab suab paj nruag, uas tau taug kev ib leeg raws txoj kev thiab hauv lawv cov haujlwm xws li hu nkauj txog kev hlub ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv, lossis tsis lees paub lub tsev teev ntuj uas lwj thiab lwj.

Peb spheres ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm medieval art

9/10 ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm medieval Fabkis yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Yog li ntawd, cov kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog neeg peasant. Feem ntau ntawm hnub cov neeg ua liaj ua teb medieval siv ua haujlwm hauv avtus tswv feudal. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias nws tsis muaj qhov xav tau thiab lub sijhawm sib txuas lus nrog kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab. Yeej, nws yog nkauj thiab seev cev creativity, kev sib tw hauv lub zog thiab dexterity. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog kev kos duab tau nyob los ntawm kev saib kev ua yeeb yam ntawm keeb kwm. Oral folk art kuj tsim. Kev txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg yog xav txog nyob rau hauv pej xeem dab neeg: fairy tales, nkauj, proverbs thiab sayings. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov dab neeg yog kev txaj muag ntawm tus neeg nplua nuj ruam los ntawm cov neeg pluag, tab sis zoo txiv neej pluag, uas, raws li txoj cai, tuaj ntawm tsev neeg cov neeg pluag. Cov tales tau mob siab rau kev sib raug zoo: lawv tau qhia txog kev ua phem hauv zej zog hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nom tswv thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, thiab kuj tau tham txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Legends thiab ballads kuj tau tsim, qhuas txog kev siv dag zog ntawm pej xeem tus phab ej sib ntaus sib tua rau lub meej mom thiab lub meej mom ntawm ib tug neeg zoo tib yam thiab tawm tsam feudal arbitrariness.

Fab Kis keeb kwm
Fab Kis keeb kwm

Qhov thib ob ntawm kev coj noj coj ua medieval thiab kos duab yog lub neej ntawm cov nroog, kev loj hlob thiab kev vam meej uas tau pom los ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov chav kawm xws li bourgeois yog qhov pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm bourgeois kab lis kev cai. Cov txuj ci ntawm craftsmen tau txhim kho sai heev. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov hauj lwm thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim tau raug hloov kho, ntau yam uas tam sim no muaj nuj nqis heev li masterpieces ntawm cov hniav thiab siv kos duab. Nws yog los ntawm lub sij hawm no, xws li lo lus "masterpiece" los rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub. Txhua tus tswv koom nrog guild fraternity yuav tsum ua kom pom nws cov kev txawj ntse thiab ua kom cov khoom zoo meej. Qhov no yog tus masterpiece. Maj mam, ib qho kev sib txuas lus tau tsimthiab kev sib tw guild, uas pib txhawb kev tsim cov khoom siv tes ua. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm dhau los, kev cob qhia pib cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv tes ua, vim tias cov neeg sib tw tsis xav kom dhau los ntawm cov kws txawj tshaj lij, thiab qee zaum lawv tsis xav kom tsis pub leej twg paub cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lossis cov khoom siv rau nws. poob rau hauv tes ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Feem ntau cov tswvcuab ntawm pawg ntseeg txawm tias rhuav tshem cov khoom tsim, thiab qee zaum tsim txom lawv cov neeg tsim.

Sab thib peb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv nruab nrab thiab kev kos duab yog qhov muaj nyob ntawm lub ntiaj teb sib cais ntawm cov aristocracy - feudal lords. Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov feudal lords nqa tub rog ua tub rog rau huab tais, ua nws tus kheej vassals. Cov feudal lords me me yog cov vassals ntawm lawv cov thawj coj - barons, suav, thiab lwm yam. Nqa cov tub rog ua tub rog, lawv sawv cev xws li ib qho tshwm sim ntawm cov haiv neeg medieval li chivalry. Knightly kab lis kev cai kuj tau tsim los ntawm nws cov kos duab tshwj xeeb. Qhov no suav nrog kev kos duab ntawm kev tsim cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab - peb-dimensional identification cim ntawm ib tsev neeg knightly lossis ib tus neeg knight. Lawv ua cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab los ntawm cov khoom kim heev - kub thiab nyiaj, enamel thiab marten lossis squirrel fur. Txhua lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm thiab ua haujlwm zoo heev.

Dhau li ntawm, raws li ib feem ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, cov tub hluas - yav tom ntej knights - kuj tau qhia cov txuj ci xws li hu nkauj thiab seev cev, ntaus suab paj nruag. Lawv tau qhia tus cwj pwm zoo txij thaum yau, paub ntau zaj paj huam, thiab ntau tus tub rog lawv tus kheej tau sau paj huam, muab lawv rau ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov cim monuments ntawm medieval architecture - knight's castles,tsim nyob rau hauv Romanesque style, nrog rau cov tuam tsev zoo kawg nkaus ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nroog ntawm Fabkis, thawj zaug hauv Romanesque, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Gothic style. Cov tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws yog Notre Dame Cathedral hauv Paris thiab Reims Cathedral - qhov chaw uas Fabkis huab tais tau crowned.

zoo arts of france
zoo arts of france

Art of France: Renaissance

Lub Renaissance, cuam tshuam nrog kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab kev kos duab thaum ub, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hnub ci ltalis hauv lub xyoo pua XIV. Hauv Fabkis, cov qauv ntawm Renaissance tau tshwm sim hauv kab lis kev cai thiab kev kos duab zoo nkauj tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Tab sis lub sij hawm no kuj tau ntev nyob rau hauv Fabkis tshaj li nyob rau hauv ltalis: tsis mus txog rau thaum lub 16th, tab sis mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 17th. Kev nce hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev kos duab hauv Fab Kis lub xeev tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv Louis XI.

Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm Gothic kab lis kev cai hauv kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis tau tshwm sim nrog kev mus ncig ua si ntawm cov vajntxwv mus rau Ltalis, qhov chaw uas lawv tau ntsib nrog cov duab zoo nkauj Italian ntawm Renaissance. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li hauv tebchaws Ltalis, kev kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm no hauv Fab Kis tau hais lus zoo dua li pej xeem.

Raws li haiv neeg ntawm Fab Kis kos duab, tus kws sau paj huam zoo kawg nkaus Francois Rabelais, uas tsim cov duab, witty thiab zoo siab paj huam, tau los ua tus sawv cev ntawm nws hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Yog tias peb tham txog kev ua yeeb yam zoo ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kev xav tiag tiag tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv me me thiab cov ntawv teev ntuj. Thawj tus kws kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm no ntawm kev txhim khoJean Fouquet tau dhau los ua kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis, tawm mus rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv loj hauv daim duab ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, phau ntawv me me, toj roob hauv pes, diptychs depicting Madonna.

Marguerite ntawm Navarre tau caw Italian masters ntawm Renaissance rau Fabkis: Rosso thiab Primaticcio, uas tau los ua tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Fontainebleau - ib qho qauv hauv Fabkis txoj kev kos duab uas tshwm sim hauv lub vaj tsev Fontainebleau. Cov qauv no yog raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj cwj pwm, uas yog Ameslikas sawv cev los ntawm cov founders ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm kev siv mythological plots thiab intricate allegories. Cov peev txheej tau khaws cia uas muab lwm lub npe ntawm cov tswv uas tau koom nrog tsim lub tsev fuabtais Fontainebleau: Italians Pellegrino thiab Juste de Juste, Fabkis Simon Leroy, Claude Badouin, Charles Dorigny, Fleming Leonard Tirey thiab lwm tus.

art of France
art of France

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th nyob rau hauv Fabkis, hom ntawm portrait, pictorial thiab mem hluav, tau nquag txhim kho. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav yog tej hauj lwm ntawm Jean Clouet, uas pleev xim rau portraits ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov Fabkis lub tsev hais plaub.

Cov duab puab ntawm lub sijhawm no hauv Fabkis yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Michel Colombe, uas txawj ua haujlwm, nrog rau lwm yam, cov duab nyem thiab kev txhais lus ntawm lub qhov ntxa. Tsis tas li ntawd nthuav yog cov hauj lwm ntawm Jean Goujon, imbued nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb suab paj nruag thiab paj huam ntawm dluab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo.

Fabkis kos duab luv luv
Fabkis kos duab luv luv

Txoj haujlwm ntawm lwm tus kws kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm no, Germain Pilon, tau dhau los ua qhov sib npaug rau kev sib haum xeeb thiab zoo tagnrho hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab kev tshav ntuj ntawm Goujon txoj haujlwm. Lawv zoo sib xws hauv lawv cov kev qhia thiabhypertrophy ntawm kev xa mus rau kev xav thiab kev paub dhau los rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Tag nrho nws cov cim yog qhov muaj tiag tiag, txawm tias naturalistic, ua yeeb yam thiab tsaus ntuj.

Art of France: 17th caug xyoo

XVI xyoo pua yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsov rog thiab kev puas tsuaj rau Fabkis lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv Fabkis tau ntxiv dag zog. Cov txheej txheem ntawm centralization ntawm lub hwj chim mus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceev nyob rau hauv Louis XIII, thaum Cardinal Richelieu txiav txim txhua yam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Cov neeg quaj ntsuag nyob rau hauv tus quab ntawm lub aristocracy thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev ua hauj lwm niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev ywj pheej ywj pheej tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb nqa thiab txhawb nqa lub zog ntawm Fab Kis, tab sis kuj tseem yog qhov tseeb tias lub sijhawm no lub tebchaws tau dhau los ua ib tus thawj coj ntawm lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Qhov no tsis muaj tseeb cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab hauv lub tebchaws.

kos duab ntawm Fabkis nyob rau xyoo pua 17th tuaj yeem txhais tau hais tias yog lub tsev hais plaub raug cai, uas tau hais los ntawm qhov pompous thiab zoo nkauj ntawm Baroque.

xyoo pua 17th French art
xyoo pua 17th French art

Nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab exaggerated décorativeness ntawm lub Baroque, ob txoj kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm Fabkis: realism thiab classicism. Thawj qhov ntawm cov no yog qhov rov hais dua rau qhov kev xav ntawm lub neej tiag tiag li nws yog, tsis muaj embellishment. Nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no, txhua txhua hnub ib hom ntawv thiab portrait, biblical thiab mythological ib hom ntawv yog tsim.

Classicism hauv kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis feem ntau qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm pej xeem, kev yeej ntawm tib neeg, lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov laj thawj. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev tawm tsam rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub neej tiag tiag, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas ib tus yuav tsum siv zog, txitxawm tus kheej nyiam. Tag nrho cov no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev kos duab zoo ntawm Fabkis. Lub hauv paus rau kev kos duab ntawm classicism yog kev lig kev cai ntawm kev kos duab thaum ub. Thiab qhov no yog feem ntau xav txog hauv classic architecture. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog architecture uas feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov kev txaus siab ntawm lub xeev thiab tau ua tiav rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.

18 xyoo pua French art
18 xyoo pua French art

Lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Fabkis lub xeev yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm ntau lub nroog-tsim architectural ensembles thiab palaces. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws yog secular architecture uas los rau hauv lub xub ntiag.

Yog tias peb tham txog qhov kev xav ntawm cov ncauj lus saum toj no hauv kev kos duab kos duab, ces peb yuav tsum hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Nicolas Poussin - tus neeg sawv cev zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub sijhawm, uas nws cov duab kos ua rau ob qho tib si ntawm kev pom thoob ntiaj teb thiab lub zog indomitable. ntawm lub neej ntawm ancient art.

Xyoo 18th French art
Xyoo 18th French art

Art of France: 18th caug xyoo

Raws li kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis xyoo pua 18th, qhov no yog ib lub ncauj lus cais rau kev sib tham ntev. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub kos duab ntawm Fabkis ntawm lub sij hawm no yog ib tug tawm tsam tawm tsam qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej: absolutism pib decompose, lub aristocracy coj ib tug khib nyiab txoj kev ua neej, parasitizing rau lwm yam strata ntawm lub zej zog. Qhov kev tsis txaus siab uas tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg coob coob tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm bourgeois, vim tias lub tebchaws tau tsim nyob rau Fabkis. Tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim hauv kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis nyob rau xyoo pua 18th.

Txoj kev coj noj coj ua tshiab tau cuam tshuam nrog kev lojcuam tshuam rau lub tswv yim ntawm pej xeem lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas yog feem ntau pronounced nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam, kev ua yeeb yam tau pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, kev ua yeeb yam ncaj ncees ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab kos duab ntawm opera tau nquag txhim kho. Tsawg dua thiab tsawg tus tsim tau tig mus rau cov ntsiab lus kev ntseeg, kev kos duab kos duab tau tsim ntau dua thiab nquag. Fab Kis kab lis kev cai ntawm lub sijhawm no muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tag nrho ntawm qhov sib txawv. Kev kos duab ntawm realism tig los nthuav tawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm ib tug neeg ntawm ntau chav kawm: rau nws txoj kev xav thiab kev paub, sab hauv lub neej txhua hnub, kev tshuaj xyuas puas siab puas ntsws.

19th century French art

Txhob mus. Cia peb tham luv luv txog kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis nyob rau xyoo pua 19th. Lub neej ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub sijhawm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lwm qhov kev tsis txaus siab loj hlob ntawm cov neeg thiab tau hais tawm cov kev xav hloov pauv tom qab kev kho dua ntawm Fabkis txoj huab tais huab tais. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj hauv kev kos duab kos duab. Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia tshiab ntawm painting - historicism thiab romanticism. Tab sis muaj kev tawm tsam nrog kev kawm hauv kev ua yeeb yam zoo ntawm lub sijhawm no.

keeb kwm ntawm 19th caug xyoo france
keeb kwm ntawm 19th caug xyoo france

Kev kawm txog cov xim zoo nkauj hauv kev pleev xim ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes hom thiab mus rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm txhua lub tshuab ntawm Fabkis painting.

Kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm no raws li qhov xav tau tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg xav tau. Lubok tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev, tso cai rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws, siv cov duab thuam, qhia txog kev phem thiab teeb meem hauv zej zog.

Qhov tseeb, etching dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm. Los ntawm etchings koj tuaj yeemkawm keeb kwm ntawm Fabkis nyob rau xyoo 19th.

Kev kos duab ntawm Fabkis, raws li peb pom, muaj ntau yam thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev peculiarities ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Fabkis lub xeev. Txhua lub sijhawm yog qhov thaiv loj heev uas yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tsab xov xwm.

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