2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Txhua yam haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv classical yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev kos duab. Nws txoj hauj lwm tau hais nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag los ntawm Alexander Pushkin - "txhawb" "xav" nrog nws "lyre". Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm ntawv tseeb yog hais tias nws zajlus yog "launched" los ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntiaj teb no, recreated los ntawm nws nrog kev pab los ntawm tsim dluab. Tseeb tiag, kev kos duab yog qhov "lyre" uas nthuav tawm cov neeg nyeem lub tswv yim nrog qhov tshwj xeeb, piv txwv ntawm lub neej.
Muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm cov kws sau ntawv. Admiring critics hu lawv tej hauj lwm "poems nyob rau hauv prose." Yog li sau Turgenev thiab Gogol. Lawv muab ib qho kev qhuas tus sau lub arsenal ntawm artistic txhais tau tias rau txhua cov ntawv ntawm lawv cov artistic style. Gogol cov lus piav qhia ntawm Dnieper, nthuav tawm los ntawm nws hauv Kev Ua Phem Txaus Ntshai, tuaj yeem ua piv txwv. Tus kws sau ntawv cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb, kev xav los ntawm kev siv cov lus hauv qhov kev xav (tropes thiab stylistic duab). Tropes, raws li koj paub, muaj xws li allegories, hyperbole (exaggeration), epithets (kev sawv cev rau hauv daim duab), litotes (understatement), metaphors (sib piv), personifications (kev txiav txim txog cov inanimate li ib tug neeg). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, qhov tseeb hyperbole, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem pom hauv nqe lus uas tsis yog txhua tus noog tuaj yeem ya mus rau nruab nrab ntawm Dnieper. Tab sis tom qab ntawd - lub zog ua yeeb yam zoo li cas ntawm no! Stylistic cov duab yog lwm hom kev hais lus. Lub tswv yim no suav nrog anaphora thiab epiphora (txhim kho cov lus rov qab ntawm cov lus thaum pib thiab xaus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, ntsig txog), antithesis (kev tawm tsam), asyndeton thiab polysyndeton (tsis yog koom haum thiab polyunion), oxymoron (kev sib piv ntawm incomparable).
Tus kws sau paj lug paub txog kev kos duab los ntawm paj huam, tus kws sau nkauj - ua yeeb yam, tus kws sau ntawv - kev hais lus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li tau hais los saum no, lub ntiaj teb "recreated" invariably bears lub "sau ntawv" imprint. Tom qab tag nrho, peb pom zaj dab neeg los ntawm qhov muag ntawm tus sau, peb xav txog nws qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg, kev xav, kev xav.
Cia peb nco txog lwm yam kev kos duab uas tuaj yeem piav qhia tau sib xyaw. Nws yog raws li kev sau ntawv, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog ib tug artistic style ntawm kev hais lus. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv rau nws siv cov lus luv luv, kev siv cov lus hauv zos, cov lus hais yog txais tos. Nws yog tsom ncaj qha rau cov neeg mloog thiab muaj lub siab xav. Lavxias teb sab classic, peb niaj hnub, Viktor Pelevin brilliantly nthuav qhia qhov chaw ntawm xws li hais lus sawv cev ntawm nws.tus cwj pwm - Chapaev nyob rau hauv lub scene ntawm ib tug hais lus ua ntej raug xa mus rau pem hauv ntej (cov tshiab "Chapaev thiab Emptiness"). Es tsis txhob hais lus ntev txog tus cwj pwm rau kev pabcuam, Vasily Ivanovich Pelevinsky qhia meej tias: "Tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog! … Koj yuav tau ntsib koj tus kheej! Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev kos duab style yog convincing nrog kev sib tham suab paj nruag, gesticulation nrog tws txav, uniform lem ntawm lub cev rau cov neeg tuaj saib rau sab xis thiab sab laug. Nws cov lus suav nrog archaisms thiab jargon, ze li sai tau rau lub siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, lawv xav txog qhov lawv xav hnov.
Kev ua yeeb yam muaj lwm tus yam ntxwv - tus sawv cev ua vaj tse. Los ntawm nws, los ntawm illuminating tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, cov paib uas muaj ib tug dav, generic zej zog yog illuminated. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov zoo sib xws, muaj peev xwm piav qhia txog kev sib sib zog nqus phenomena thiab cov txheej txheem. Raws li ib tug piv txwv ntawm cov artistic style nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Tsoomfwv Inspector", los ntawm cov dluab ntawm tus kav nroog, kws txiav txim, postmaster, trustee ntawm charitable tsev, tus cwj pwm ntawm kev noj nyiaj txiag ntawm tag nrho cov xeev ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th yog nthuav tawm..
Pom zoo:
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib sau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab: piv txwv
Hnub no peb tab tom tham txog lub ntsiab lus: "Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke." Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias "kev sib xyaw" yog dab tsi. Thawj zaug peb ntsib lub sij hawm no hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis txhua yam ntws, txhua yam hloov pauv, maj mam txawm tias qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws raug tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, peb nyeem, peb nplawm cov laus, thiab peb sau cov qhov khoob uas ploj lawm
Ib qho piv txwv sau ntawv. Yuav sau ntawv li cas? Dab tsi yog kev sau ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Kev sau ntawv yog ib txoj haujlwm me me piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, xwm txheej, tus neeg tshwj xeeb. Lub sij hawm thav duab tsis hwm ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem sau txog qhov tshwm sim ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los thiab dab tsi nyuam qhuav tshwm sim
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv nyeem: piv txwv ntawm kev sau rau thesis, thesis, tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv
Ua ntej tshaj tawm ib yam tshiab, koj yuav tsum qhia qhov qub kom raug. Hais txog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, cov ntawv xov xwm, daim ntawv pov thawj, cov ntawv pov thawj thiab lwm yam kev xaiv los nthuav qhia cov kev paub tshiab, nws qhov tshiab, qhov tseeb, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj lub ntsiab lus thiab yog qhov tseeb
Cov ntawv nyeem Baroque - yog dab tsi? Stylistic nta ntawm baroque ntaub ntawv. Baroque ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia: piv txwv, sau ntawv
Baroque yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Txhais los ntawm Italian, lub sij hawm txhais tau tias "bizarre", "strange". Qhov kev taw qhia no tau kov ntau hom kev kos duab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, architecture. Thiab dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv baroque?
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kos duab rau tus neeg: kev sib cav. Piv txwv ntawm lub neej thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Txhua tus paub tias tshuaj thiab kev kawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb. Peb ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub neej. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg yuav lees paub lub tswv yim tias kos duab muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog li ntawd. Nws nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab hauv peb lub neej
