Sculptor Tsereteli Zurab Konstantinovich: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub npe ntawm Zurab Tsereteli tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws monumental kos duab tawm tsis muaj ib tug indifferent: nws yog tus hlub tag nrho nws lub siab, los yog ib yam li passionately ntxub. Tus kws kos duab ua lub neej nplua nuj uas muaj tswv yim, thiab niaj hnub no nws tseem ua haujlwm hnyav thiab ua haujlwm hauv kev sib raug zoo.

Keeb kwm thiab me nyuam yaus

Zurab Tsereteli tau yug los rau lub Ib Hlis 4, 1934 hauv Tbilisi hauv tsev neeg Georgian nrog cov cag ntoo. Nws txiv tau koom nrog ib tsev neeg qub tub huabtais, ib yam li nws niam. Leej txiv ntawm yav tom ntej sculptor ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug civil engineer, thiab nws niam yog ib tug niam tsev. Zurab tau siv sijhawm ntau hauv nws thaum yau hauv tsev ntawm nws niam txiv ntxawm, Georgy Nizharadze, tus neeg pleev kob. Ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj tswv yim huab cua nyob hauv nws lub tsev, cov neeg ua yeeb yam Georgian feem ntau tuaj xyuas ntawm no: Sergo Kobuladze, Ucha Japaridze, David Kakabadze. Lawv pom tus tub txawj ntse thiab ua nws thawj xib hwb.

Kev Kawm

Tom qab kawm ntawv, yav tom ntej sculptor Tsereteli nkag mus rau Tbilisi Academy of Arts ntawm cov kws qhia ntawvpleev xim. Thiab tag nrho nws lub neej nws txiav txim siab nws tus kheej ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov neeg pleev kob, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tus sculptor, muralist. Nws kawm tiav hauv Zurab xyoo 1958. Tom qab rau xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws kos duab-architect ntawm lub koom haum ntawm keeb kwm, Archaeology thiab Ethnography ntawm Georgian Academy ntawm Sciences, nws mus kawm nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Thaum lub sijhawm mus ncig no, Tsereteli tau tswj hwm kev sib txuas lus nrog ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam, suav nrog Pablo Picasso thiab Marc Chagall, uas tau qhuas cov txuj ci ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Georgian pib.

Txoj kev mus rau kev ua yeeb yam zoo

Txij thaum kawg ntawm 60s, Tsereteli tau nyiam los ntawm cov duab kos duab thiab mosaics. Tus sculptor yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev mob siab rau thiab kev tsim khoom siab, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tswj kom tsim tau ntau yam haujlwm. Ntawm cov thawj tej hauj lwm uas coj nws lub koob meej yog ib tug tsim project rau ib tug resort complex nyob rau hauv Pitsunda (1967), ib tug series ntawm mosaic thiab stained iav compositions nyob rau hauv Tbilisi (1972), ib tug qub me nyuam lub resort lub zos nyob rau hauv Adler (1973). Kev ua raws li cov haujlwm loj no tau qhib Tsereteli txoj kev nkag mus rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav dua. Nws nqa tawm kev txiav txim rau Ministry of Foreign Affairs ntawm lub USSR, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm raws li tus thawj artist. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Zurab Konstantinovich ntawm kev tsim ntawm Olympics thiab ntawm kev txhim kho qhov project ntawm Izmailovo tsev so complex nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1980.

Nyob rau hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej no, ntau monuments rau Tsereteli tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws. Nws xav paub ntau ntxiv hauv cov qauv hlau, nws ua rau ntau qhov chaw loj,ntau qhov kev sim ua haujlwm nrog cov iav qhov rais. Thaum xyoo 1990, Tsereteli tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov twg, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Tus Tswv Cuab Yuri Luzhkov, nws tau tsim ntau cov ntawv sau rau Lavxias teb sab peev.

Tseem tau ntau xyoo, Zurab Konstantinovich tau tsim cov duab puab ntawm nws lub sijhawm, uas tau teeb tsa hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm lub tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb.

Tsereteli nws tus kheej suav tias kev pleev xim yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Thaum nws lub neej ntev, nws tau pleev xim ntau dua 5,000 daim duab ntawm ntau yam. Nws tej hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub private collections thoob ntiaj teb.

Lub ntsiab lus kev cai dab qhuas hauv Tsereteli's art

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab ntawm Zurab Tsereteli yog kev ntseeg. Nws nquag koom nrog kev txum tim rov qab los ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej Cathedral, hloov lub tswv yim qub. Qhov no ua rau indignation ntawm historians, tab sis Yuri Luzhkov coj ib sab ntawm tus kws kos duab, thiab cov sculptor kho kom raug. Zurab Konstantinovich pheej tig mus rau cov ntsiab lus kev ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim ib lub monument rau Pope John Paul II. Tab sis qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cov duab puab ntawm Yexus Khetos. Tus kws kos duab xeeb nws rau Olympic Sochi, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho lub monument nyob rau ntawd. Tom qab ntawd, lawv sim nruab Zurab Tsereteli tus Tswv Yexus Khetos hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis txawm nyob ntawd nws tsis haum rau hauv toj roob hauv pes. Qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim qhov siab ntawm lub monument, nrog rau cov pedestal, yog 80 meters.

Peter the first

Sculptor Tsereteli ib txwm ua rau cov qauv loj, thiab hauv 1997 nws tau txais kev txiav txim loj los ntawm tsoomfwv Moscow. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub kob dagNws raug txib kom ua ib tug loj-scale duab puab nyob rau hauv lub Moscow River. Qhov no yog li cas lub monument rau Peter lub Great tshwm sim. Nws qhov siab yog 98 meters. Lub erection ntawm lub monument ua rau muaj kev npau taws heev ntawm cov pej xeem, thiab tom qab Luzhkov tawm ntawm tus kav nroog, muaj tswv yim kom tshem tawm lub monument. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg coj lub luag haujlwm thiab cov nuj nqis, thiab lub monument tseem nyob hauv Moscow.

Nkauj ua haujlwm zoo

Nws yog qhov nyuaj los txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm loj ntawm Tsereteli: lawv cov npe ntev heev. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau resonant thiab loj-scale tsim muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:

- memorial monument ntawm Poklonnaya toj hauv Moscow;

- Okhotny Ryad khw thiab kev lom zem complex hauv Moscow;

- monument "Kev phooj ywg mus ib txhis", mob siab rau Lavxias-Georgian kev phooj ywg (Moscow);

- sculptures ntawm Manezhnaya Square hauv Moscow;

- sau "Zoo Defeats Evil" hauv New York;

- ob versions ntawm Yug Tus Txiv Neej Tshiab duab puab hauv Paris thiab Seville;

- duab puab "Hare" hauv Baden-Baden;

- monument rau Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya hauv Ruza.

Public xav thiab thuam

Tsereteli cov monuments feem ntau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, kev thuam thiab txawm tias tsis lees paub. Ntau ntawm nws cov kev tsim ua rau muaj kev zoo siab rau pej xeem thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tsis zoo los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Cathedral ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej tau txais kev thuam ntau heev, uas tus sculptor tau ua txhaum loj heev los ntawm kev tsim kho,uas ua txhaum cov duab keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom qub. Hais txog nws lub monument rau Peter lub Great, tsuas yog tus tub nkeeg tsis tau hais tawm: Tsereteli raug liam tias ua txhaum cov keeb kwm kev xav ntawm lub nroog, ntawm kitsch thiab saj tsis zoo. Cov hauj lwm nto moo "Tear of Sorrow", uas tus tswv xav pub dawb rau Tebchaws Meskas hauv kev nco txog cov neeg raug tsim txom thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 11, ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, uas ua rau muaj ntau lub nroog tsis kam muab khoom plig, thiab tus sculptor muaj. siv sijhawm ntau los nrhiav qhov chaw rau lub monument. Tib zaj dab neeg tau rov hais dua nrog daim duab ntawm Yexus Khetos hauv Russia. Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm kos duab hais tias Tsereteli lub peev xwm ua yeeb yam tsis tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov duab kos duab. Thiab cov kws kho mob xav tau tiag tiag txog cov kws kos duab, saib nws txoj kev mob siab rau cov qauv loj.

Museum of Modern Art

Zurab Tsereteli, uas nws cov haujlwm twb tau nthuav tawm hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, tau tsim lub tsev cia puav pheej los txhawb nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Tus kav nroog Luzhkov tau faib ntau lub tsev nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Moscow rau Tsereteli Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nws nyob hauv tsev sculptor tus kheej sau ntawm 2,000 tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab, thiab cov collections yog tsis tu ncua. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ib tug dav sau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab, nrog rau ib tug nthuav txheej ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm Soviet non-conformists thiab niaj hnub artists. Ib lub tsev cais yog nyob los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam mus tas li ntawm Zurab Tsereteli, nyob rau ntawm peb theem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-rhiav. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem taug qab cov ncauj lus hauv kev txhim kho tus tswv lub peev xwm. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj kev kawm loj thiab kev kawmkev ua si.

kev ua si hauv zej zog

Zurab Tsereteli ib txwm siv sijhawm ntau thiab lub zog ntawm kev ua ub ua no. Nws suav tias yog nws lub luag haujlwm los pab tib neeg, cob qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas. Rau qee lub sijhawm nws tau qhia hauv Tbilisi Academy of Arts, tam sim no nws muab cov chav kawm master hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb. Tsereteli yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm International Assistance Fund, tus kws tshaj lij kev kawm ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm txuj ci hauv ntiaj teb, nws tau raug xaiv los ua UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy of Arts. Nws tseem yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Duma thiab yog tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lavxias.

Awards

Sculptor Tsereteli rau nws cov cua daj cua dub thiab ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo kawg ntawm kev sib txawv, khoom plig thiab khoom plig, teev lawv txhua tus tuaj yeem ntev heev. Cov khoom plig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws suav nrog lub npe ntawm Hero of Socialist Labor, People's Artist of Georgia, USSR, Lavxias Federation, Lenin thiab State Prizes. Tsereteli yog tus tuav lub Orders of Lenin, Friendship of Peoples, "For Services to the Fatherland" ntawm thawj, thib ob thiab thib peb qib. Nws kuj yog tus tswv ntawm cov kev txiav txim ntawm Moscow, Chechen koom pheej, lub Koom Txoos Orthodox thiab ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nws muaj ntau tshaj kaum lub npe sib txawv, tus tswv ntawm ntau tshaj kaum qhov khoom plig sib txawv, 12 insignia los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Ntxhais hmoob

Sculptor Tsereteli yog ib tsev neeg zoo siab. Nws tus poj niam, Inessa Aleksandrovna Andronikashvili, kuj yog ib tug qub tub huabtais tsev neeg. Cov khub niam txiv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Elena, uas ua haujlwm niaj hnub nokos duab critic. Tsereteli muaj peb tug xeeb ntxwv thiab plaub tug xeeb ntxwv.