2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Kev ua yeeb yam tau ntev ntev hauv peb lub tebchaws. Buffoons amused cov neeg nrog nkauj thiab seev cev, thiab kuj ua si lom zem scenes. Nyob rau hauv lub fairs, lub rooj muag zaub-makers caw cov neeg. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub squares, wandering artists hu nkauj, seev cev thiab hais, lom zem cov neeg tuaj saib.
Ob ceg ntoo
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 18th tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob qho kev qhia. Folk art txuas ntxiv cov kab lig kev cai ntawm buffoons. Kev ua yeeb yam tau tuav hauv huab cua qhib lossis hauv chav tshwj xeeb - lub rooj muag khoom.
Cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ua yeeb yam tau sau tseg thawj zaug thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Mikhail Romanov, tus tsim ntawm lub dynasty ntawm Lavxias teb sab zwm txwv. Tus thawj coj ntawm kev lom zem tshiab yog boyar Artamon Matveev. Tus txiv neej no tau ua ntau yam rau Russia lub xeev. Nws yog lub taub hau ntawm Posolsky Prikaz - Ministry of Foreign Affairs ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Artamon Matveev feem ntau mus txawv tebchaws. Nws tau mob siab rau los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab sim ua rau Russia qee qhov kev coj noj coj ua nyob sab Europe. Artamon Matveev raug suav hais tias yog thawj tus neeg sab hnub poob.
Tus tsim kev ua yeeb yam thiab coj ncaj
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 18th yuav tsis tshwm sim yog tsis muaj tus neeg muaj ntau yam no. Ntawm nws sawv cev, ib pab pawg kws tshaj lij tau teeb tsa. Thiab thawj qhov kev ua si qhia nyob rau hauv Russia yogBiblical zaj dab neeg ntawm Artaxerxes. Ib chav cais tau ua rau kev lom zem huab tais. Tus huab tais nyiam qhov kev ua yeeb yam, thiab nws tus kws sau ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog li leej twg yog thawj tus kws sau nkauj Lavxias thiab tus thawj coj? Keeb kwm tau khaws nws lub npe. Nov yog German Johann Gregory uas nyob hauv Moscow.
Kev lom zem tshiab ntes tau sai heev. Cov kws ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub tsev nplua nuj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam yog cov neeg dawb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Lub Sijhawm Epoch
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 18th yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Peter the Great. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign, art flourished. Peter feem ntau caw cov neeg ncig tebchaws ncig tebchaws mus rau Russia. Lawv tsis tsuas yog qhia cov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab, tab sis kuj nqa cov tswv yim zoo, txhawb cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias. Peter ua ib lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Red Square. Tom qab ntawd nws raug rhuav tshem.
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 18th tau tsim tsis yog hauv Moscow nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv St. Ib lub koom haum nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias tau qhib ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Anna Ioannovna. Ua si rau nws tau sau los ntawm tus naas ej playwright Alexander Sumarokov.
Kev txhim kho ntxiv
Nyob rau hauv Elizabeth Petrovna, lub npe hu ua imperial theatre tau tshwm sim. Cov tuam tsev hauv xeev no muaj nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj txiag. Sumarokov yog tus thawj coj ntawm Imperial Theatre ntawm Vasilyevsky Island.
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th hauv Russia txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev loj hlob thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Catherine II. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm hauv nws lub tsev hais plaub. Italian opera singers nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj hauj lwm. Lavxias kuj ua haujlwmua yeeb yam. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, theatre ceased mus rau lub palace kev lom zem. Cov chaw lom zem rau pej xeem tau qhib hauv nroog, uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws tau ua haujlwm.
YCreativity los ntawm Ivan Dmitrevsky
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th hauv Russia paub cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam nto moo: Titov, Belmonti, Medox. Lub sijhawm no, cov pab pawg tswv tsev tseem muaj nyob hauv cov xeev, uas cov kws ua yeeb yam ua si. Ivan Dmitrevsky yog ib tug zoo actor. Nws tau muaj txoj haujlwm zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv Volkov thawj tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab pab pawg, cov tub ntxhais hluas Dmitrevsky ua si poj niam lub luag haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus neeg ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb ntawm Imperial Theatre ntawm Vasilyevsky Island. Catherine II xa Dmitrevsky txawv teb chaws los txhim kho nws cov txuj ci. Nyob rau hauv Paris, nws kawm txog qhov kev ua si ntawm tus naas ej tragedian Leken, thiab nyob rau hauv London nws saib ua yeeb yam nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus zoo Garrick. Rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg, Dmitrevsky qhib lub tsev kawm ua yeeb yam. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus thawj saib xyuas ntawm lub tuam txhab kev lom zem imperial.
Kev txhim kho tseem ceeb
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo pua 18th hauv tebchaws Russia tuaj yeem piav qhia luv luv li classicist. Qhov kev sib tw no tau tshaj tawm Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom ntej, classicism tau hloov los ntawm ntau txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev nkag siab. Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th gravitated rau rationality, ib hom ntawv nyeem hierarchy thiab nruj canons. Theatrical plays tau nruj me ntsis muab faib ua tragedies thiab comedies. Tsis pub sib tov.
Kev ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo pua 18thnyob rau hauv Russia tau inextricably txuas. Opera tau dhau los ua qhov kev lom zem nrov tshaj plaws. Cov neeg hu nkauj Italian tau tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Anna Ioannovna. Thawj libretto hauv Lavxias tau sau los ntawm Alexander Sumarokov. Classicist opera, zoo li ua yeeb yam, tended mus rau ib tug nruj kev faib ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tragic tej hauj lwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv Italian kev lig kev cai thiab tau txawv los ntawm sublime suab paj nruag. Comedy, suav hais tias yog ib hom me me, tau cuam tshuam nrog Lavxias kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub rooj muag khoom ncaj ncees. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm xws li kev ua yeeb yam zoo siab yog kev sib tham sib tham thiab cov nkauj suab paj nruag. Ua haujlwm rau kev ua yeeb yam tau sau los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Sokolovsky, Pashkevich, Bortnyansky. Cov operas tau ua nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab Lavxias teb sab.
New trends
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm 18th thiab 19th centuries nyob rau hauv Russia tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog Enlightenment. Xyoo 1782 Denis Fonvizin's comedy The Undergrowth pom theem. Lub satire ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg yog thawj zaug qhia li txawj ntse los ntawm tus sau. Fonvizin tau piav qhia txog cov hom ntawm cov chav kawm sab saud ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nrog qhov tseeb tiag. Tus phem Prostakova, nws tus txiv ruam thiab tus tub Mitrofanushka coj koob meej rau tus sau nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Lub laj thawj zoo ntawm Starodum txog kev hwm thiab meej mom zoo siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib txawm niaj hnub no. Txawm hais tias muaj cov rooj sib tham ntawm cov cim, lawv muaj lub siab dawb paug thiab kev nthuav qhia. Fonvizin qhov kev ua si tau nyeem los ntawm Pushkin, Gogol thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Nws yog admired los ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm viewers. "Undergrowth" txawm niaj hnub no occupies ib qho chaw muaj koob meej nyob rau hauv lub repertoire ntawm lub teb chaws ua yeeb yam. Cov hauj lwm no tau sau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv golden nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.
Pom zoo:
Scenario rau kev ua yeeb yam rau menyuam yaus. Xyoo tshiab ua yeeb yam rau menyuam yaus. Kev ua yeeb yam nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov menyuam yaus
Ntawm no los txog lub sij hawm tej yam yees siv tshaj plaws - Xyoo Tshiab. Ob tus menyuam yaus thiab cov niam txiv tab tom tos txog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb, tab sis leej twg, yog tias tsis yog niam thiab txiv, feem ntau ntawm txhua tus xav npaj hnub so tiag tiag rau lawv tus menyuam, uas nws yuav nco ntsoov ntev. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev los nrhiav cov dab neeg npaj txhij rau kev ua koob tsheej hauv Is Taws Nem, tab sis qee zaum lawv hnyav dhau, tsis muaj tus ntsuj plig. Tom qab nyeem ib pawg ntawm cov ntawv sau ua yeeb yam rau cov menyuam yaus, tsuas muaj ib qho tseem tshuav - los nrog txhua yam koj tus kheej
Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias
Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Iconography ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th pib ua tus tswv ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Vim li cas kev pleev xim rau xyoo pua 17th hauv tebchaws Russia tseem ceeb heev rau keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws
Lub xyoo pua puas xyoo yog lub hnub qub ntawm lub sijhawm feudal hauv Russia. Lub sij hawm no, lub feudal-serf system tau ntxiv dag zog thiab bourgeois kev sib raug zoo tau yug los raws li txoj kev nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm tib lub cev. Kev loj hlob sai ntawm nroog thiab zej zog feem ntau ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev pleev xim rau xyoo pua 17th
Theatre nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsev hais plaub theatre nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th
Theatre yog ib lub teb chaws Lavxias teb sab cuab yeej cuab tam uas muaj hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 17th. Nws yog ces hais tias tsim ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm theatrical ua yeeb yam tau pib thiab lub hauv paus tau nteg rau hom kev kos duab nyob rau hauv Russia
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm hauv tebchaws Russia: qhib sijhawm, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Txhua lub tseemfwv tshiab xav tawm qhov cim tsis tau ntawm lub xeev keeb kwm. Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 tau hloov ntau heev nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Russia. Ob xyoos tom qab muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev nom kev tswv, lub tsev khaws puav pheej rau qhov kev tshwm sim tau qhib hauv Petrograd. Symbolically, qhib tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau txais lub npe ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Revolution, tam sim no nws yog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm
