Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug Yevgeny Rein: biography, tus kheej lub neej, tsev neeg thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Evgeny Rein yog tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias nrov thiab tus kws sau paj huam, thiab kuj yog tus kws sau ntawv zoo. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ib tug phooj ywg ze ntawm Joseph Brodsky. Koom nrog lub voj voog ntawm cov phooj ywg ntawm Anna Akhmatova nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los ntawm nws lub neej, uas cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau paj huam.

Poet biography

Evgeny Rein yug hauv Leningrad. Nws yug hauv 1935 rau ib tsev neeg Yudais. Leej Txiv Boris Grigorievich yog tus kws tsim qauv, thiab niam Maria Isaakovna Ziskand yog tus kws qhia German, nws tus kheej los ntawm Yekaterinoslav.

Thaum tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm muaj 9 xyoos, nws txiv tuag. Boris Grigoryevich tuag thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Narva. Ib xyoos ua ntej, Eugene rov qab nrog nws niam mus rau Moscow los ntawm kev khiav tawm. Lawv tau ntsib ob peb xyoos no nrog lawv txiv cov txheeb ze. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, lawv tsiv mus rau Leningrad, thaum lub blockade raug tshem tawm ntawm lub nroog.

Ib theem tseem ceeb hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Evgeny Rein tau kawm ntawm thev naus laus zisLub koom haum hu ua Lensoviet hauv Leningrad. Tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej lees tias qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau dhau los ua ib qho kev sib txuam loj. Rein mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv no ntawm kev hais tawm ntawm nws niam, uas xav kom nws tus tub lub neej yav tom ntej, nws tsis ntseeg tias nws yuav muaj peev xwm khwv tau nyiaj hli ib txwm nyob hauv kev lag luam humanitarian.

Thaum xub thawj, Rhine txawm raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv vim muaj kev thuam nom tswv. Cov ntawv xov xwm phab ntsa "Culture" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas feem ntau tsa cov teeb meem hnyav uas ua rau tsis txaus siab rau kev coj noj coj ua. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias Rain yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm uas mob siab rau, txawm li cas los xij, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm xyoo thib tsib, ua ntej tiv thaiv nws daim ntawv pov thawj. Rov qab mus rau ib xyoos tom qab, nws tau nkag mus rau xyoo thib tsib ntawm lwm lub koom haum thev naus laus zis - kev lag luam tub yees, thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv nws txoj haujlwm yog Kev Kawm Ntawv Siab Siab. Cov chav kawm zoo li no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm ib tus neeg nto moo. Yog li ntawd, nws tau los ua tus sau ntawv rau ntau tshaj nees nkaum documentaries. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog hu ua "Chukokkala" thiab tau mob siab rau kev sau ntawv almanac, uas tau sau los ntawm Korney Chukovsky los ntawm 1914 txog 1969. Nws muaj ntau daim ntawv sau npe thiab cov duab kos luv luv ntawm cov neeg nto moo ntawm nws lub sijhawm.

Thaum pib ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, Yevgeny Borisovich tau ua haujlwm hauv geological ob tog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nrog rau ntau lub Leningrad nroj tsuag.

Rein nws tus kheej lees tias qhov kev mus rau Kamchatka, uas yog qhov kev sim tiag tiag rau nws, tau txiav txim siab rau nws ntau txoj hauv kev. Txoj kev taug kev no ua rau nws zoo siab heev rau nws, nws tau ntsibntau tus neeg tshwj xeeb, nws tau txais kev ua neej tsis muaj nuj nqis.

Early career

Cov paj huam ntawm Soviet constructivism muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev tsim ntawm tus kheej style ntawm Evgeny Borisovich Rein. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog tej hauj lwm ntawm Eduard Bagritsky thiab Ilya Selvinsky, nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev - Vladimir Lugovoy.

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, Yevgeny Rein yog cov hu ua Akhmatov menyuam ntsuag. Nws nyob ntawd nws tau los ze rau Brodsky.

Akhmatov's orphans

"Akhmatova's orphans" yog plaub tus kws sau paj huam uas yog ib feem ntawm Anna Andreevna Akhmatova lub voj voog sab hauv thaum xyoo 1950 thiab thaum ntxov 1960s. Ntxiv rau Evgeny Rein, cov no yog Dmitry Bobyshev, Joseph Brodsky, Anatoly Naiman.

Akhmatova txaus siab rau kev muaj tswv yim ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Raws li Brodsky tau lees paub, nws yog rau lawv tsis yog tsuas yog kev sau ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj yog txoj cai ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev coj ncaj ncees.

Nyman thov tias Akhmatova qhia lawv tsis yog paj huam - nws yog ib yam dab tsi ntxiv. Qhov tseeb, cov chav kawm yog xaiv tau, nws tsim ib qho chaw zoo kawg nkaus uas nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau.

Brodsky, hauv kev xam phaj nrog Solomon Volkov, kos qhov sib npaug ntawm lawv plaub thiab plaub ntawm lub hnub nyoog kub. Brodsky ntseeg tias txhua tus ntawm lawv tib lub sijhawm ua tiav nws lub luag haujlwm, sib xws rau ib lossis lwm tus kws sau paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab hnub nyoog golden. Piv txwv li, Rhine, raws li Brodsky, hais rau Pushkin, Bobyshev - rau Delvig, Naiman - rau Vyazemsky, thiab Brodsky nws tus kheej piv nws tus kheej nrog. Baratynsky.

Lo lus "Akhmatova tus menyuam ntsuag" tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau ib zaj paj huam los ntawm Dmitry Bobyshev hu ua "Tag nrho plaub", uas tau mob siab rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Akhmatova. Ntawm no yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm nws.

Thiab ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig

tus ntsuj plig tau pom qhov kaj: hauv kev poob ntau

Osya, Tolya, Zhenya, Dima tuaj

Akhmatov tus menyuam ntsuag nyob uake.

Lawv kuj hu ua "khawv koob hu nkauj", "Havvakum", "magic dome". Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg yog lawv tus kheej lub npe.

Tom qab ntau xyoo, Joseph Brodsky hu ua Rhine "tragic elegiac".

paj huam

Xyoo 1971, Rein tsiv ntawm Leningrad mus rau Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1979 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Metropol almanac. Nws tej hauj lwm tau xyaum tsis tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv official cov ntaub ntawv, yog li ntawd lawv pib muab faib nyob rau hauv samizdat. Ib ntus, lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv "Syntax" magazine.

Yevgeny Rein luam tawm nws thawj phau ntawv paj huam xyoo 1984. Thaum ntawd, nws muaj 49 xyoo lawm. Nws tau hu ua "Npe ntawm Choj", thiab tawm los nrog ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam censorship. Tab sis nws tau txhais ntau yam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam los ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm nws lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov kws sau ntawv Askiv, Arabic thiab Indian. Nws tau raug lees paub rau Lub Koom Haum Sau Ntawv ntawm USSR hauv xyoo 1987.

Tam sim no nws nyob hauv Moscow. Txawm hais tias muaj hnub nyoog zoo heev, Rein tam sim no muaj hnub nyoog 82 xyoo, nws tseem ua haujlwm. Tam sim no qhia ntawm Gorky Literary Institute,hais lus ntawm Department of Literary Creativity. Nws kuj ua ib lub rooj cob qhia paj huam nyob ntawd, uas nrov heev nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj huam.

Nws paub tias xyoo 2004 nws tau koom nrog Kev Nyeem Ntawv Ntiaj Teb, uas tau tuav hauv Malaysian peev Kuala Lumpur.

Publications

Evgeny Rein cov paj huam tau xyaum tsis tau luam tawm hauv Soviet Union. Tab sis lub sij hawm no nws tau lossi luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm nyob rau sab hnub poob. Cov no yog "Edge", "Continent", "Syntax".

Thaum nws koom nrog Metropol almanac, uas tsis raug censorship, nws yog tus saib xyuas ntu paj huam. Rau qhov no, nws raug kev tsim txom nom tswv hnyav, tsis muaj sijhawm los ua haujlwm. Nws muaj peev xwm ntev los cuam tshuam nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab documentary xwb. Nws rov qab mus rau kev sau ntawv tsuas yog xyoo 1982. Tib lub sijhawm, nws raug tso cai ua haujlwm nrog kev txhais lus nkaus xwb.

Tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm perestroika, nws cov ntawv sau tau pib luam tawm tas li, sau cov paj huam, nrog rau memoirs.

Yevgeny Rein cov phau ntawv tau tawm los nrog cov npe hauv qab no: "Qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm daim iav", "Cia txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb paub qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai no nrog Petya", "Irreparable Day", "Tenderness", "Prediction", " Boot", "Rau kuv dhuav yam tsis muaj Dovlatov", "Bacony", "Arch hla dej", "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug marathon khiav", "nce hla", "Tom qab peb era", "Kuv tus neeg nyob zoo tshaj", "Nco ntawmtaug kev", "Labyrinth".

Txoj kev muaj tswv yim

Tsim nyog lees paub rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Yevgeny Rein tuaj tom qab phau ntawv "Npe ntawm Choj". Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm nco ntsoov tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev txawj ntse, thiab ntxiv rau qhov no, nws tau tswj hwm nws tus kheej txoj kev cawm seej nyob mus ib txhis. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsis txaus siab heev thiab menyuam ntsuag thaum yau, uas tam sim ntawd tsaws hauv lub tebchaws muaj xwm txheej. Nws tas li hais txog qhov no hauv nws cov paj huam, sib txuas ua ke hauv lawv qhov kev loj hlob tsis zoo thiab kev ua tshiab tshiab. Piv txwv li, qhov no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov paj huam zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Evgeny Rein - "Plaub-thawj". Peb hais tias nrog cov npe ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, nws feem ntau muab ib yam ntawm polemical siv rau xinesmas.

Kuv txiv yog ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, yog kuv txiv ntxawm tus swb…

Dad raug tua ze Pskov, Txiv ntxawm rov los tsis muaj ceg.

Peb tau sawv ntawm lub platform…

Nyob rau plaub caug thawj… hauv Leningrad…

Los ntawm cov nqe no nws pom tau tias nag yog kab mob kho siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pom tau tias yog vim li cas, nws feem ntau tso nws cov nkauj zoo nkauj hauv cov neeg coob coob. Nws nyob tas li hauv lub voj voog ntawm tib neeg, hauv squares, khw, hauv kab.

Piav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Yevgeny Borisovich Rein, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nws yog ib qho ntawm ob peb tus kws sau paj huam niaj hnub uas ua siab tawv qhia txog lub neej niaj hnub thiab lub neej txhua hnub rau hauv nws cov haujlwm, tsis ntshai ntawm nws. Nws tuaj yeem ntsib ob qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub nroog cov tsev nyob sib ze, thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw deb, thiabrudeness mix nrog siab zoo.

paj huam

Xav txog xyoo 1974 los sau ib phau ntawv paj huam, nws tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd tias nws yuav tsum yog daim ntawv tshiab. Nws lossi ua hauj lwm rau nws, tau koom nyob rau hauv lub prose ntawm poetic daim ntawv, thaum sim khaws cia lub zog muaj peev xwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub lyrics. Rein tau sim nrog cov qauv ntawm nqe vaj lug kub uas xav tau kev tsim txiaj uas tsis tau pom dua los ntawm nws, thiab kuj tuaj nrog qhov hu ua zawv zawg kab.

Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm "Nanny Tanya", cov neeg sau ntawv critics kos ib tug meej sib piv ntawm lub lyrical heroine ntawm no ua hauj lwm thiab tus nais maum ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Arina Rodionovna. Tsawg kawg, ib tug poj niam tiag tiag tau ua lub luag haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv txoj hmoo ntawm nag. Tau dhau los ntawm kev pov tseg thiab kev poob cev qhev Nazi, nws tau tswj hwm los pib tus kws sau paj huam rau hauv lub ntsiab lus zais ntawm tib neeg lub neej.

Kuv yuav qhia koj txhua yam. Koj hais yog lawm koj ua rau kuv

qhia txhua yam rau lub neej no:

ua siab ntev thiab kev dag ntxias Lavxias, uas yog qhov tseeb qhov qhab nia siab tshaj rau cov neeg Yudais.

Ntau tus tau sau tseg qhov kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm Rein cov paj huam. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws tau ua tiav hauv kev nkag mus rau cov lus piav qhia txog tus kheej hauv cov ntawv sau paj huam.

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, Rhine's paj huam tau nkag mus rau keeb kwm nrog nws qhov chaw ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Nws yog tib txoj kev ntawm lub neej, tab sis twb muaj keeb kwm. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Rhine nrog qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm yog amazing. Tus yuam sij rau nws tus kheej chronotype yog qhov tob nostalgia ntawm lub zeem muag. Txawm tias cov xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no, nws tau pom los ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob deb, sim muab lub ntiaj teb nplai txawm tiasseemingly me me trifle. Cov nag xav tau zoo heev rau txhua lub sijhawm tom ntej, saib txhua yam uas tshwm sim ntawm no thiab tam sim no.

Yog koj tham txog yam tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm, ces qhov no yog qhov zoo. Thiab tsis yog nyob deb nroog, zoo li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Zhukovsky, tab sis lub nroog elegy ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob Brodsky hu nws ua "tus neeg saib xyuas neeg zoo".

Yevgeny Rein cov paj huam kev hlub tseem zoo ib yam. Koj tuaj yeem taug qab txhua lub nroog paub cov ntsiab lus hauv lawv, uas muab nws cov nkauj ua haujlwm tiag tiag thiab lub siab dawb paug.

Reina Films

Ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo tshaj plaws uas Rein tau koom nrog, peb yuav tsum nco qab ntau yam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm zoo. Qhov no yog ib tug documentary ntau lawm los ntawm Vladimir Dvinsky "Ib Tram-Memories", ua raws li tsab ntawv ntawm tus hero ntawm peb tsab xov xwm.

Nws tau kov rau qhov kov lyrical thiab suab paj nruag keeb kwm ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau zoo tib yam. Tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv ntau thiab ntau lub nroog, nws mus rau hauv txoj kev mus rau hauv oblivion, tshuav lub ci ntsa iab hero ntawm ib tug bygone era. Daim duab no yog ib hom kev farewell rau xyoo pua 20th. Cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj cov paj huam los ntawm Yevgeny Rein nws tus kheej, nrog rau cov kws sau paj huam tshaj plaws ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los - Anna Akhmatova, Lev Losev, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Osip Mandelstam, Vladislav Khodasevich, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Alexander Khazin.

zaj movie tawm xyoo 2005. Tus thawj coj Vladimir Dvinsky nyeem cov ntawv sau tawm hauv nws, thiab Rafael Kleiner thiab Tatyana Shchigoleva nyeem nqe.

Rain kuj ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tsim ua yeeb yamBoris Blank "Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Arturo Ui. Tshiab version". Qhov no yog ib zaj duab xis adaptation ntawm kev ua si "Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Arturo Ui, uas tej zaum yuav tsis tau" los ntawm German playwright Bertolt Brecht. Qhov zoo nkauj tiag tiag ntawm daim kab xev no yog cov nkauj ntawm nqe ntawm Yevgeny Rein, uas suab hauv daim duab no.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau sib yuav peb zaug. Nws thawj tus poj niam yog Galina Mikhailovna Narinskaya. Novels thiab kev xav muaj zog nrog nws nyob hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm. Lawv tau ntsib thiab poob rau hauv kev hlub tom qab kawm tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau tsim kev sib raug zoo hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm npe.

Lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Anna, uas tam sim no ua haujlwm ua tus neeg sau xov xwm hauv tsoomfwv tshaj tawm Kommersant. Nws niam nws txiv txoj kev sib yuav poob tom qab kaum xyoo.

Lub sijhawm thib ob, Rein tau sib yuav tus kws txhais ntawv Asmeskas thiab Askiv, nws lub npe yog Natalya Veniaminovna Ruvinskaya. Ua ke lawv nyob tau cuaj xyoos. Nws paub txog cov me nyuam ntawm Evgeny Rein. Natalya Ruvinskaya muaj ib tug tub, Boris, los ntawm nws. Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum luam ntawv, thiab tam sim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm qhov kev taw qhia. Tam sim no, nws koom tes nrog lub tsev tshaj tawm sab hnub poob loj, uas nws lub chaw haujlwm nyob hauv Moscow.

Tus kws sau paj huam txoj kev hlub zaum kawg

Tam sim no Evgeny Rein tus poj niam lub npe yog Nadezhda. Lawv tau ua ke tau 30 xyoo. Nadezhda Viktorovna ua haujlwm raws li kev thuam kos duab, tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej thiab nws cov npoj yaig qhia tias nws yog ib tus kws tshaj lij thiab muaj kev txawj ntse heev.

Nadezhda Rein ua haujlwm ntev hauv tsev cia puav pheej, tau xya xyoo nws tau ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts,nyob rau hauv Volkhonka. Tam sim no nws ua haujlwm rau tsoomfwv Moscow ua tus kws pab tswv yim rau kev tiv thaiv keeb kwm monuments. Nws paub Rein cov paj huam ci ntsa iab thiab pab nws ntau heev hauv nws txoj haujlwm.

Piv txwv li, ib phau ntawv kawg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hu ua "Kuv tus neeg nyob zoo" tau zoo nkauj heev thiab zoo kawg nkaus luam tawm ua tsaug rau Nadezhda. Nws tau sau thiab facsimile luam tawm nws. Phau ntawv muaj ntau cov duab tas luav, kos duab, duab tso dag los ntawm Joseph Brodsky, uas tau muab tso rau hauv keeb kwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau tswj xyuas kom nrhiav tau tus neeg saib xyuas uas tau muab kev pabcuam tseem ceeb hauv kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm no.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Nadezhda Rein tau sau ua ntej rau phau ntawv no. Hauv cov ntawv luv luv, nws tau qhia tias phau ntawv no tau tsim li cas. Rov qab rau xyoo 1996, thaum Brodsky tuag, nws tam sim ntawd pib sau nws cov ntaub ntawv. Kuj tseem muaj cov paj huam los ntawm Rhine, uas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam tau txuam nrog Brodsky. Nws hloov tawm tias ntau cov duab kos uas Brodsky tau tso rau ntawm cov ntawv sau los yog sau ntawv sib raug zoo rau nws tus txiv cov paj huam. Yog li nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim phau ntawv "Kuv tus neeg nyob zoo tshaj plaws".