Dab tsi yog anapaest hauv cov ntawv nyeem? Anapaest piv txwv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Yav dhau los, thaum Lub Sijhawm Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Cov Ntawv Sau, qhov loj me yog qhov tsim nyog. Tam sim no ntawm cov kws sau paj huam niaj hnub muaj kev nyiam tsis saib xyuas qhov loj me rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim duab, ntau tus txhob txwm hloov kev sib haum xeeb hauv lawv cov haujlwm nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub suab los tawm tsam qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov niaj hnub nyiam paj huam nrog cov ntsuas ntshiab.

Cia li nres ntawm qhov loj li anapaest. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm anapaest tuaj yeem pom hauv cov kws sau paj huam xws li Alexander Blok, Afanasy Fet, Alexander Tvardovsky, Alexander Pushkin, Ivan Bunin thiab lwm tus.

Etymology ntawm lo lus "anapaest"

Cia li sim nrhiav seb qhov anapaest yog dab tsi hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Thiab cov piv txwv ntawm cov kws sau paj huam nto moo yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv qhov teeb meem no. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib lo lus tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas zoo thaum nkag siab txog nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb los. Lo lus "anapaest" los ntawm Greek thiab txhais tau tias "rov qab". Ntawd yog, qhov no, qhov ntxeev ntawm anapaest rau dactyl yog txhais tau tias. Ib tug peb-lub suab dactyl yog qhov txawv ntawm ib lub suab ntawm 1 lub suab, raws li, nws lub suab muajpoob intonation. Qhov no intonation zoo kawg nkaus hnov nyob rau hauv paj huam, thiab txawm rau cov neeg uas tsis koom nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm poetic stanzas, qhov txawv ntawm dactyl thiab anapaest yuav tsis yog ib tug nyuaj txoj hauj lwm. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov suab lus ntawm cov lus poob thiab loj hlob muaj qhov nruab nrab - qhov ntsuas thib peb ntawm peb lub suab "lub ntiaj teb" hauv paj huam - amphibrachs, uas qhov kev ntxhov siab poob, raws li ntau tus twb nkag siab, ntawm lub suab thib 2.

Peb lub suab paj huam loj anapaest. Dab tsi tshwj xeeb?

Kev ntxhov siab yog siv los ntxiv dag zog rau kev tsim kho kom zoo, los qhia cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus paj huam. Thiab tseem khaws lub "melody" ntawm qhov tau hais. Nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog immeasurable. Anapaest raws li qhov loj me muaj lub suab tsis nco qab. Ib tug peb-lub suab lus poetic loj tuaj yeem muaj txog li 5 lub suab hauv ib kab lus, raws li A. Fet tau sau. Tus nyeem ntawv lub suab loj hlob los ntawm 1 lub suab mus rau qhov kawg hauv kev nce qib. Qhov no ua rau qhov tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav rau cov ntawv. Anapaest yog peb lub suab zoo nkauj loj, nrog lub suab nrov nrov ntawm lub suab. Pom nws thiab hnov lub suab, peb yuav twv yuav raug hu ua piv txwv ntawm anapaest.

Yuav ua li cas txiav txim qhov loj?

Yuav kom txiav txim siab qhov loj me, zaj paj huam yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm daim duab, saib cov kab lus. Tom qab ntawd nyeem kom nrov nrov, txheeb xyuas cov lus nyuaj nrog koj lub suab. Yog hais tias qhov kev ntxhov siab rov qab tom qab 2 lub suab, qhov no yog ob lub suab, thiab thaum tom qab 3, ces nws yog peb lub suab.

Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov me me raws nraim thaum xub thawj, sim nkag siab: nws puas yog ob lub suab lossis peb lub suab lus poetic loj. Tsis txhob poob siab tam sim ntawd. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias tsis yog txhua tus kws sau paj huam niaj hnub paub kiag li txhua tus poetic meters, uas muaj,tau kawg, ntau tshaj 5.

Piv txwv hauv nqe ntawm cov kws sau paj huam nto moo

Tus anapaest tau dhau los ua zam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam nyob rau xyoo pua 20th. Nws yog qhov nthuav heev kom paub seb yuav ua li cas paub txog cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis kawg, txawm tias qub, keeb kwm eras siv anapaest hauv lawv cov paj huam. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb muab piv txwv ntawm anapaest hauv paj huam los ntawm tus tswv ntawm nws lub sijhawm - Alexander Blok.

Kuv lees txais koj, tsis ua haujlwm,Thiab, hmoov zoo, kuv nyob zoo rau koj. (A. Block)

Nkauj hais tau zoo li no: --/--/--/--/-

Alexander Blok feem ntau siv qhov loj me no. Nws nqe lus ntes tus ntsuj plig thiab nyeem melodicly, txawm hais tias peb nco qab tias nws nyuaj rau sau nrog anapaest. Nov yog lwm qhov piv txwv me me ntawm anapaest hauv ib zaj paj huam nto moo:

thiab paj, thiab bumblee, thiab nyom, thiab pob kws muag khoom …

Paj huam yog sau los ntawm Ivan Bunin, thiab ib qho anapaest kuj siv ntawm no.

Kev ntsuas hauv A. S. Pushkin

Radiant poet - A. S. Pushkin - tsis nyiam anapaest ntau dhau. Muaj, ntawm chav kawm, piv txwv ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam, thiab peb yuav hais lawv. Tab sis feem ntau nws siv iambic rau-taw thiab sim nrog trochaic. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus anapaest yog qhov tshiab, thiab tsuas yog thaum tus kws sau paj huam, tom qab muaj hnub nyoog, twb tau sim ua kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov metrics thiab sonority ntawm nqe, nws puas tau qee zaum pib siv peb lub suab lus paj huam.

Peb tuaj yeem pom anapaest hauv paj huam "Gypsies". Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, nrog kev pab los ntawm anapaest, monologue ntawm tus heroine Zemfira tau sau:

Kuv ntxub koj

Kuv saib tsis taus koj;

Kuv hlub lwm tus, Kuv tuagkev hlub.

Txawm tias tom qab, nws tau sau hauv anapaest txoj haujlwm "Budrys thiab nws cov tub", uas tau kawm hauv tsev kawm.

Tsuas yog thaum neeg laus, tus kws sau paj huam sau dawb hauv txhua qhov kev ntsuas classic, thiab tag nrho nws cov haujlwm qhia txog nws tus kheej style. Ntxiv mus, nws twb yog ib tug stylistics polished los ntawm ib tug ntev ua hauj lwm, qhov twg tag nrho cov poetic meters coexisted dawb do. Yog li ntawd, Pushkin tau los ua ib tug neeg txawj ntse txhua lub sijhawm.

Yuav nrhiav koj li cas?

Txhua tus yog tus kws sau paj huam hauv siab, uas muaj kev xav. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau saib mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum koj sau rau koj tus kheej, tsuas yog qhia kev xav. Cov ntaub ntawv sau tsis yog sau nyob rau hauv tus kav, vim nws yog ib qho muaj sia nyob thiab muaj ntau yam kab mob. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg muaj kev xav txaus thiab paub txog kev sau ntawv, vim li cas ho tsis sim nrhiav koj tus kheej style hauv paj huam? Koj twb tau pom ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib qho anapaest, thiab nco ntsoov tias lwm tus sib txawv ntawm kev ntxhov siab nkaus xwb, nws yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas lwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

Ua ntej, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los nyeem ob peb phau ntawv sau paj huam uas koj nyiam thiab sim tshuaj xyuas seb lawv sau li cas hauv 'meter'. Qhov no tsuas yog siv rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis xwb, tsis tas yuav luam tawm leej twg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom khaws koj tus kheej, zoo li tus tub hluas no:

Koj tuaj yeem sim nrog ntau qhov sib txawv, sim qhia koj lub tswv yim sab nraum lub thawv. Tab sis tseem, koj yuav tsum paub cov hauv paus ntawm kev txheeb xyuas. Thaum cov suab paj nruag tau pom, ces zaj paj huam yuav zoo siab nyeem. Nws tsis "txiav pob ntseg" ntawm lwm tus, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cherishes lub pob ntseg sib tw.