Lermontov's "Duma": tsom xam ntawm paj huam

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lermontov's "Duma" tau sau xyoo 1838, thaum lub sijhawm tus kws sau ntawv rov qab los ntawm kev raug ntiab tawm. Cov paj huam yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug poetic daim ntawv dav siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd los ntawm Decembrist poets. Los ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, cov hauj lwm, zoo li "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug", belongs rau elegy-satire. Mikhail Yuryevich nyob rau hauv "Duma" reproaches nws tiam rau cowardice, inaction thiab indifference. Cov tub ntxhais hluas rau txim rau qhov yuam kev ntawm tiam "txiv", tab sis tsis ua dab tsi rau lawv tus kheej, tsis kam tawm tsam thiab tsis koom nrog hauv pej xeem lub neej.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj paj huam

Lermontov's "Duma" qhia nws qhov kev thuam tsis yog ntawm lub tsev hais plaub hauv zej zog, uas tus kws sau paj huam tau npau taws, tab sis ntawm tag nrho cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm 30s ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Tus kws sau ntawv qhia txhua tiam neeg uas nws koom nrog, nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas nws siv lub npe "peb". Mikhail Yuryevich thuam nws tus kheej rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm, sib npaug nws rau cov neeg tsis muaj kev pab thiab txom nyem uas tsis tau ua dab tsi rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov tiam ntawm 1810-1820s txawv kiag li;Kev ywj pheej-hlub Decembrists, cia lawv ua yuam kev thiab them nyiaj rau nws, tab sis tsawg kawg lawv sim hloov lub teb chaws kom zoo dua.

Tus kws sau paj huam tu siab heev uas nws tsis tau yug los ntau xyoo dhau los, vim nws lub caij nyoog yog kev dhuav thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg. Lawv tsis nyiam kev kos duab lossis paj huam, lawv tsis tham txog qhov zoo thiab qhov phem, lawv sim nrog tag nrho lawv lub zog los tswj kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev npau taws ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, lawv tau so haujlwm ntawm pej xeem lub neej, tuav lawv tus kheej nrog "fruitless science.”, thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov Lermontov xav tau txhua. "Duma", lub ntsiab lus uas qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tag nrho tiam neeg ntawm 1830s, yog mob siab rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ib tug neeg, nws yog lub suab ntawm tus kws sau paj huam lub siab lub ntsws.

Kev xav txog yav dhau los, tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej

Lermontov's "Duma" qhia meej meej tias tus kws sau ntawv cuam tshuam li cas rau tiam "txiv", cov neeg kawm thiab cov xeeb ntxwv. Mikhail Yuryevich qhuas lub siab tawv thiab kev ua siab loj ntawm Decembrists, txawm tias lawv tau ua yuam kev, tab sis lawv cov yeeb yam ua yeeb yam tau tso lawv lub cim rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws, txhawb cov pej xeem, tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tawm tsam nrov tawm tsam kev ua phem ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv. zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Lermontov's contemporaries tsis yuam kev, tab sis lawv tsis ua dab tsi. Tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog mob siab rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws xav hloov ib yam dab tsi, nthuav tawm nws qhov kev tawm tsam, tab sis nws tsis pom cov neeg muaj siab nyiam, thiab nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tawm tsam ib leeg. Lermontov's "Duma" yog kev khuv xim rau lub sijhawm siv tsis muaj peev xwm.

Kev sim pej xeem ntawm ib ntus

Ua kom zaj paj huam muaj tseeb thiab nkag tau yooj yim dua los nthuav tawmnws txoj kev xav, tus sau tau siv epithets nthuav tawm cov kev xav, kev xav zoo, cov lus hauv kev xav. Txhua quatrain yog ib qho kev xav tiav. M. Yu. Lermontov zaj paj huam "Duma" rau txim rau cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm 1830s, nyob rau hauv "lub siab ntawm cov txiv." Cov Decembrists hlawv lawv tus kheej thiab raug txim hnyav rau kev tsis mloog lus, tiam tom ntej tau lees paub qhov kev tawm tsam uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab sib haum xeeb nrog kev txiav txim ntawm txhua yam. Cov neeg kawm ntawv tsis muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov, lub hom phiaj, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev sib txuas, lawv ua raws li txoj kev ncaj, tab sis tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau qhov no. Lermontov chim heev los ntawm qhov no thiab cem nws tus kheej rau impotence thiab uselessness.