Kev kos duab ntawm Tebchaws Europe: kev kawm hauv kev kos duab
Kev kos duab ntawm Tebchaws Europe: kev kawm hauv kev kos duab

Video: Kev kos duab ntawm Tebchaws Europe: kev kawm hauv kev kos duab

Video: Kev kos duab ntawm Tebchaws Europe: kev kawm hauv kev kos duab
Video: Txiv tshiab muab ntxhais txi nyiaj p2 11/18/2018 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas yog thawj qhov chaw nyob hauv St. Petersburg Hermitage, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau cov txuj ci ntawm Lavxias Lavxias - Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias, khaws cia rau hauv lawv cov ntawv sau ntau ntawm cov duab kos duab. sau nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm "kev kawm" los ntawm kev lees paub tus tswv ntawm lawv lub sijhawm. Txoj kev kawm txuj ci hauv kev kos duab yog lub hauv paus uas tsis muaj kev pleev xim ntxiv thiab duab puab yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txhim kho kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm hauv kev pleev xim? Nkag siab qhov no yog peb txoj haujlwm.

kev kawm yog dab tsi?

Hauv kev pleev xim thiab duab puab, kev kawm lossis kev coj noj coj ua yog suav tias yog ib qho kev tawm tshiab, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txawj ntse. Undoubtedly, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm no stylistic kev taw qhia, lub aesthetic cov ntsiab lus txhais los ntawm canons yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam.

Txoj kev kawm hauv Fab Kis, sawv cev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev kawm xws li Nicolas Poussin, Jacques Louis David, Antoine Gros, Jean Ingres, Alexandre Cabanel, William Bouguereau thiab lwm tus, pib hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Nws tsis kav ntev nyob rau hauv lub xeev tus tsim cai lij choj, thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Nws yogtxhawb zog los ntawm Impressionists.

Bryulov, Horsewoman
Bryulov, Horsewoman

Txawm li cas los xij, kev kawm ruaj khov tsim nws txoj haujlwm hauv cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab, txawm tias cov qauv tshiab, nws tau los ua lub hauv paus zoo rau kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas masters ntawm painting thiab duab puab.

Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau kev tsim kev kawm hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Russia

Kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe uas tshwm sim rov qab rau hauv Renaissance, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev kos duab yog humanism, anthropocentrism, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov kev xav thiab cov tswv yim tshiab los ntawm ntau hom kev kos duab, coj rau kev hloov hauv kev kos duab nws tus kheej, suav nrog hauv European painting.

  1. Hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam: tsis yog cov kws txawj, tab sis cov neeg tsim.
  2. Qhib Fabkis Academy of Arts.
  3. Qhib kev kawm kos duab los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab qhia lawv ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Renaissance painting.
  4. Kev txhawb nqa thiab txhawb nqa cov tub ntxhais txawj ntse los ntawm patrons.

yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm txuj ci hauv kev kos duab

Kev kawm txuj ci koom nrog kev npaj ua tib zoo, xav txog thiab ua haujlwm tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej. Mythological, biblical thiab keeb kwm cov phiaj xwm feem ntau tau coj los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ua ntej sau lub canvas, tus kws kos duab yav dhau los tau ua ntau qhov kev npaj kos duab - kos duab kos duab. Tag nrho cov cim tau zoo tagnrho, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, tusLub sijhawm-tsim rooj tog, khoom siv, khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau kev siv xim: tag nrho cov ntau yam yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov tseeb hauv lub neej, kev siv cov xim ci, uas tsis pom zoo siv (tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb), yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tha xim kuj tau ua raws li cov kev cai nruj tshaj plaws rau kev siv chiaroscuro, piav qhia qhov kev xav thiab lub kaum ntse ntse. Cov kev cai no tau txhais rov qab rau hauv Renaissance. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov saum npoo ntawm daim ntaub yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj smears thiab roughness.

Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Peb Qhov Noble Arts yog lub txaj ntawm kev kawm painting

Lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia los ua haujlwm ib yam li Fabkis Academy hauv nws lub sijhawm. Tus tsim ntawm Academy ntawm Peb Qhov Noble Arts, raws li nws tau hu ua, yog suav Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov, ib tug txiv neej nyob ze rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Empress Elizabeth Petrovna thiab uas poob rau hauv kev txaj muag nyob rau hauv Catherine II.

Academy of Arts
Academy of Arts

Peb qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tha xim, duab puab thiab architecture. Qhov tseeb no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm lub tsev tsim tsa rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm University Embankment ntawm Neva raws li qhov project ntawm JB. symbolizing lub noblest arts. Thawj qhov ntawm no, ntawm chav kawm, yog painting.

Dome ntawm Academy of Arts
Dome ntawm Academy of Arts

Academycov masters nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Tebchaws Europe tau qhia thiab ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntxiv rau qhov kev paub theoretical yooj yim, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj lub sijhawm los saib xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm cov tswv European nto moo thiab kawm los ntawm lawv hauv kev xyaum.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cob qhia, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kws ua yeeb yam tau kawm sau thiab kos duab los ntawm cov xwm txheej, kawm txog lub cev nqaij daim tawv, cov duab kos duab, thiab lwm yam. txoj kev kawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tw, cov kev txawj ntse tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab, lawv cov kws sau ntawv tau txais khoom plig ntawm ntau lub npe, qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tau muab txoj cai mus txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm hauv Tebchaws Europe dawb xwb.

Russian Academicians

Nws yog kev cai rau ib leeg tawm ob theem hauv kev qhia kev kawm ntawm Western European painting: kev kawm ntawm lig 18th - thaum ntxov 19th centuries. thiab thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm thawj lub sijhawm, F. Bruni, A. Ivanov thiab K. P. Bryullov yog qhov txawv. Ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub sijhawm thib ob yog Wanderers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Konstantin Makovsky.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm ntawm lig XVIII - thaum ntxov XIX centuries. raug suav hais tias:

  • sublime ntxhais (mythological, ceremonial portrait, salon toj roob hauv pes);
  • lub luag haujlwm siab ntawm kev piv txwv;
  • versatility thiab ntau daim duab;
  • kev txawj ntse;
  • nplai thiab pomposity.

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nyob rau hauv kev kawm kos duab ntawm painting, cov npe ntawm cov yam ntxwv nthuav vim:

  • koom nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm romanticism thiab realism;
  • siv cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm thiab kab lig kev cai hauv zos.

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov - tus tswv ntawm kev kawm painting

Karl Bryullov, tus tswv uas tsim daim ntaub uas tau qhuas tus sau lub npe rau ntau pua xyoo - "Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii" yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov npe ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam.

Hnub kawg ntawm Pompeii
Hnub kawg ntawm Pompeii

Txoj hmoo ntawm Karl Pavlovich Brullo (va) los ntawm St. Petersburg yog txuas nrog lub peculiarities ntawm upbringing thiab lub neej nyob rau hauv tsev neeg. Qhov tseeb tias Karl txiv thiab nws cov kwv tij yog cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab txuas lawv lub neej nrog Academy of Arts txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim ntxiv ntawm tus tub hluas muaj peev xwm. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm academy nrog ib tug kub puav pheej. Nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Txhawb Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab ua tsaug rau qhov no nws muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv Tebchaws Europe - hauv Ltalis. Nws nyob ntawd thiab ua hauj lwm rau kaum ob xyoos tag nrho. Tom qab ua tiav kev txiav txim siab ntiag tug los ntawm Demidov rau daim ntaub loj loj txog kev tuag ntawm lub nroog Pompeii, nws muaj peev xwm txiav nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog tib neeg thiab dhau los ua ib tus kws kos duab ywj pheej.

Karl Bryullov
Karl Bryullov

Karl Bryullov tsuas yog nyob 51 xyoo xwb. Ntawm kev hais tawm ntawm Nicholas kuv, nws rov qab mus rau Russia, tsis zoo siab thiab sib nrauj ob peb lub hlis tom qab nws sib yuav. Thaum xub thawj tau txais los ntawm tag nrho cov zej zog ntawm St. Petersburg raws li ib tug neeg txawj ntse thiab lub teb chaws hero, tom qab ib tug scandal kev sib yuav, nws kuj raug tsis lees paub los ntawm tag nrho cov zej zog, nws mob hnyav thiab raug yuam kom tawm mus. Nws tuag hauv Rome, thiab tseem nyob, qhov tseeb, tus ntse ntawm ib daim duab. Thiab qhov no txawm hais tias nws tsim cov canvases txaus uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev kawm painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

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