2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Ntau tus neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov hluas, xav sau paj huam. Lawv feem ntau sim sau ib yam dab tsi, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj. Thiab vim li ntawd, tsis muaj ntau tus kws sau paj huam tiag tiag. Tej zaum nws tsis tsim nyog sim rau qhov no? Txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws sau paj huam muaj ntau, thiab ntau thiab ntau tus pib tshwm sim txhua hnub.
Txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tus kws sau paj huam?
Yuav nyuaj hais tias yog vim li cas neeg thiaj sau paj huam. Feem ntau, lawv tau tsav los ntawm kev xav qhia lawv txoj kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig lawv: lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm qhov xwm txheej, lub siab lub ntsws xav, xav txog cov qauv ntawm lub neej - tag nrho cov no dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus rau paj huam. Tsis muaj tsawg zaus, cov paj huam tau sau ua ib hom lus teb rau cov xwm txheej ntawm pej xeem lub neej (nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no lossis hauv keeb kwm) uas zoo siab rau tus sau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov laj thawj ntawm kev sau paj huam feem ntau yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub siab, thiab cov kab sib dhos ua rau cov lus teb rau cov xwm txheej ntawm sab nraud lossis sab hauv lub neej.
Ntau tus neeg sim lawv txhais tes ntawm paj huam, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua tau thiab yog tias koj xav li ntawd. Tau kawg, tsis muaj leej twg yuav lav tias koj yuav dhau los ua tus kws sau paj huam zoo, tab sis qhov kev paub zoo li no yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kojkawm paub sau ntawv.
Verse and stanza - clarifying lub ntsiab
Yog koj sim koj txhais tes ntawm paj huam, ces nws yuav tsis superfluous kom paub ib co ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev txheeb xyuas.
Verse… Lo lus no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus. Ua ntej: poetic hais lus nyob rau hauv ib los yog lwm yam kev lig kev cai (piv txwv li, "Pushkin's verse"). Thib ob: ib kab lus ua suab paj nruag.
Nws tsis raug siv lo lus "nqe" hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "zaj paj huam", vim thawj zaug yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov thib ob lossis (qee zaum) lub tswv yim dav dav dua li ib txoj haujlwm.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lossis ntau kab lus (nqe) hu ua stanza.
Ntawm cov kev sib txuas no yog ib qho couplet, ib kab peb, ib qho quatrain… thiab lwm yam, mus txog kaum nqe.
Ntxiv rau hauv kab lus, ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntxiv yuav raug piav qhia. Peb nkag siab tias yog vim li cas cov neeg sib txawv sau paj huam thiab yuav ua li cas nws thiaj li yuav pab tau, thiab kuj xam tau tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus uas ua rau cov neeg nyeem tsis meej pem thiab ntau tus kws sau paj huam. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham txog cov secrets ntawm kev sau paj huam zoo.
Thawj kauj ruam: pib qhov twg?
Yog tias koj tsis tau kawm txog kev hloov pauv ua ntej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los pib los ntawm kev nyeem cov paj huam ntawm cov kws sau ntawv lees paub. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau tam sim ntawd lob cov classics yog tias koj tsis nyiam nws. Pib nrog cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub no, tom qab ntawd txav mus rau cov kws sau paj huam ntawm Silver Age, thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj cov ntawv nyeem repertoire. Yog hais tias koj tseem tsis paub yuav pib sau paj huam, ces cia li nrhiav thiabNyeem dab tsi resonates nrog koj tus ntsuj plig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwm heev uas koj thawj qhov kev ywj pheej opuses yuav zoo ib yam li cov kws sau paj huam uas koj nyiam tshaj plaws. Kho qhov no ua thawj kauj ruam hauv kev kawm thiab ua kom sau thaum koj mus. Nws tsis yog ib qho zais cia tias thawj nqe ntawm ntau tus kws sau paj huam tom qab tau coj los ua qauv. Tab sis tus neeg muaj lub hom phiaj yuav tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov txuj ci thiab nrhiav nws tus kheej kev sau ntawv. Ntseeg koj tus kheej, sim, sim.
paj huam
Tab sis kom paub tias yuav txav mus rau qhov twg, cia peb saib ntau yam ntawm kev ua paj huam.
Cia peb tham txog yam dab tsi los sim. Rau rhiab xwm, lyrical thiab philosophical paj huam, raws li zoo raws li ballads thiab stanzas, yog haum. Cov neeg uas muaj kev txaus siab rau lub neej nyob ib puag ncig tuaj yeem sim sau cov paj huam sau xov xwm. Parodic, satirical thiab humorous paj huam kuj tsim nyog mloog - cov ntawv luam ntawm ib hom ntawv no yog hlub los ntawm cov neeg nyeem tsis tsawg tshaj li cov paj huam loj.
Ntau yam kev hloov pauv
Txoj kev xaiv thiab hom yuav qhia koj li cas sau. Ib nqe lus hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "txoj kev ntawm kev hais lus poetic" yog tsim raws li qee txoj cai. Peb teev cov hom kev ua paj huam:
- nqe lus dawb (tsis muaj lus sib dhos, tab sis lub ntsuas thiab qhov sib dhos tau ceev ceev);
- acrostic (ib yam kev sau ntawv uas thawj cov ntawv ntawm txhua kab ua ib lo lus ua ke, tsis tshua muaj ob lossis peb);
- mixed nqe (txoj kev sau tsis muajtswj qhov loj tib yam thoob plaws hauv daim);
- paj huam nyob rau hauv prose (tsis muaj rhyme thiab atherosclerosis, tab sis ib tug tshwj xeeb nthuav style tso cai rau lawv muab faib ua paj huam);
- ver libre (ib qho nyuaj, tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim kab, luv thiab nplua nuj cov duab thiab tsis muaj lus sib dhos).
Tom ntej no, peb yuav saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj paj huam: suab paj nruag, ntsuas thiab lub suab.
Zaj nkauj ua haujlwm li cas?
Yog li, koj tau txiav txim siab qhov twg poetic styles thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas koj xav sim koj tus kheej. Tab sis lub siab xav koom nrog paj huam tsis txaus, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas. Sau ib nqe - txhua kab ntawm koj txoj haujlwm - yog qhov tsim nyog raws li qee txoj cai.
Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov lus sib dhos - cov lus xaus ntawm ob lossis ntau lo lus. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv ib zaj paj huam xws li cov lus tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob nqe lus uas nyob ib sab tuaj yeem sib dhos, lossis los ntawm ib qho, tsawg dua ob. Cov lus sib dhos muaj nws tus kheej variations:
- txiv neej (nrog rau lub suab lus kawg);
- feminine (kev ntxhov siab poob ntawm lub suab lus kawg);
- dactylic (nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab thib peb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nqe);
- hyperdactylic (lub suab ntawm plaub lub suab lossis dhau mus).
Muaj ntau ntau yam, tab sis rau tus kws sau paj huam thaum pib, koj tseem tuaj yeem paub cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav tau cov lus sib dhos uas tsim nyog thiab qub, tsis zoo li "kev hlub - ntshav" lossis "tsis tau - mus ib txhis." Thiab ib qho ntxiv, cov lus xaiv rau cov lus sib dhos yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv sau paj huam, tsim cov duab,uas tus kws sau paj lug npaj qhia.
Yog koj xav paub sau paj huam kom raug, kuj mus saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm poetic meter thiab atherosclerosis.
Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau lub sijhawm kos npe thiab lub suab nrov?
Qhov loj ntawm zaj paj huam yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim nws txiav txim siab lub suab, suab paj nruag, kev xav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov loj me los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov lus nyuaj thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv 2-3 kab ntawm kev ua paj huam. Yog tias koj tab tom xav txog yuav ua li cas kawm sau paj huam, sim tshuaj xyuas koj cov haujlwm uas koj nyiam rau qhov loj me thiab nkag siab tias tus sau tau txais txiaj ntsig li cas.
Bicomplex ntsuas:
- iamb;
- trochee.
Ib lub suab lus nyuaj thiab ib qho tsis ntxhov siab. Hauv iambic, kev ntxhov siab poob rau ntawm lub suab thib ob, thiab hauv trochee, ntawm thawj.
Tri-complex ntsuas:
- dactyl;
- amphibrach;
- anapaest.
Ib lub suab yog kev ntxhov siab thiab ob lub suab tsis ntxhov siab. Qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv uas lub suab lub siab poob rau: thawj yog dactyl, qhov thib ob yog amphibrach, peb yog anapaest.
Puas paub ntsuas ntsuas pab koj kawm sau paj huam kom raug? Los ntawm nws tus kheej - tsis yog, tab sis nws tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los saib "sab hauv" no lossis zaj paj huam. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no qhia txog qee yam uas tsis pom zoo thaum nyeem ntawv ib txwm, thiab tso cai rau koj los kawm paub tsim cov qauv paj huam.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev sib dhos - kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog cov kev ntxhov siab. Yuav kom hnov lub suab zoo dua, koj yuav tsum nyeem cov paj huam nrov nrov.
poetic tricks
Peb tau kawm ntau yam txog paj huam, tab sis peb tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab yuav sau li cas. Ib nqe yog ib kab uas sib txuas ua ib zaj paj huam. Txhawm rau kom nws tsis tsuas yog daim ntawv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus, koj yuav tsum paub thiab siv tau cov txuj ci poetic. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:
- allegory;
- alliteration (lub suab);
- anaphora;
- antithesis (kev tawm tsam);
- exclamation;
- hyperbole;
- qib (tau);
- invert;
- irony;
- pun;
- metapho;
- metonymy;
- appeal;
- oxymoron;
- personification;
- refrain;
- rhetorical chaw nyob lossis nug;
- synecdoche;
- default;
- euphemism;
- epithet;
- epiphora.
Kev paub cov txuj ci no ib leeg yuav tsis qhia koj yuav kawm sau paj huam. Tab sis yog tias koj tau siv los nrhiav kev ua yeeb yam hauv lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm, nws yuav paub meej tias qhov twg tuaj yeem siv rau hauv koj tus kheej txoj haujlwm.
Poet or graphomaniac?
xav tias koj twb tau sau ib lossis ntau zaj paj huam lawm. Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab seb lawv zoo npaum li cas? Ua li no ntawm peb tus kheej tsis yog yooj yim, vim tsis yog vim li cas, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug haum ntawm kev tshoov siab, peb sau paj huam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tus kheej tuaj yeem nyiam txhua txoj kab ntawm peb tus kheej creativity, tab sis nws puas yuav ua rau tib neeg zoo siab? Ib txoj hauv kev los xyuas qhov no yog muab rau lwm tus neeg los nyeem koj cov paj huam. Yog tias koj muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau lwm tus hauv koj txoj haujlwm, ceslos ze zog mus nkag siab sau paj huam zoo.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm zaj paj huam vam meej:
- tus nyeem ntawv xav li cas tus sau muab tso rau hauv, lossis pom daim duab piav qhia;
- fresh, original rhymes, haum lub ntsiab lus thiab lub siab;
- ntsuas thiab qhov sib dhos tau pom hauv txhua kab;
- tsis muaj kev hais lus, kev xav thiab lwm yam yuam kev (tshwj tsis yog thaum nws yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim).
"Kuv xav sau paj huam, kuv yuav ua li cas?". Tsuas teb yog sau. Thiab tseem nyeem, thiab cov creations ntawm tsis tau tsuas yog paub masters, tab sis kuj novice sau ntawv. Los ntawm kev xyaum thiab tshuaj xyuas lwm tus neeg lub opuses, koj yuav kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau paj huam thiab tsim kom muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm cov tsis ua tiav. Tab sis npaj rau qhov tseeb tias koj yuav tsum tau cob qhia hauv kev tsim koj tus kheej rau ntau xyoo, yog tias tsis yog koj lub neej tag nrho.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Yuav ua li cas ua si aub w altz ntawm piano yam tsis tau kawm hauv tsev kawm suab paj nruag, tsis muaj pob ntseg rau suab paj nruag thiab paub sau ntawv?
Suab paj nruag yog qhov txaus siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus. Qhov no tej zaum yog vim li cas cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiaj li muaj neeg coob coob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub piano hauv lub rooj sib txoos lossis lub suab seev suab thaum so. Thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv xav ua si yam tsawg kawg ib yam ntawm qhov zoo, paub zoo. Nyeem thiab paub seb yuav ua li cas
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm