Obvinskaya painting: arts thiab crafts ntawm lub Urals, piav qhia, txheej txheem, khoom

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Kev zoo nkauj thiab originality ntawm handicrafts yog hu nyob rau hauv cov nkauj, legends thiab fairy tales yog tsim txog lawv. Folk crafts yog cov kab lig kev cai ntawm thawj qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab lub neej txhua hnub hauv kev ua yeeb yam zoo heev.

Kev lig kev cai ntawm cov khoom tiav tau tshwm sim ntau pua xyoo dhau los, tab sis lawv tseem muaj sia nyob thiab khaws cia los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom thiab cov kws ua haujlwm niaj hnub no. Txhua haiv neeg lossis thaj chaw nyob ntawm peb lub tebchaws loj yog qhov txawv ntawm nws tus kheej, tshwj xeeb rau thaj chaw no, kev coj noj coj ua.

Zoo yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Obve, lossis Yuav Ua Li Cas Guinea Painting tshwm

Palekh thiab Fedoskino cov khoom me me, Gzhel thiab Zhostovo painting, Orenburg downy shawls, Vologda thiab Yelets lace, Khokhloma, malachite, filigree, Rostov enamel thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv tes ua tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Cov duab kos duab ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb ua tim khawv tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, kos duab kos duab ntawm ntoo tau yug los ntawm Obve River.

Nws tag nrho pib hauv schismatic dormitory thiab rhiav. Ntawm no yog cov duab kos rau cov phau ntawv tau npaj, cov ntawv Pomeranian tau kos - ib hom kev luam tawm nrov, ntau hom kev pleev xim, xaws, tshuab xaws, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau xyoo 1850, tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Cov Neeg Ntseeg qub kev puas tsuaj, cov neeg nyob hauv Vygozero tau tshwm sim ntawm ntug dej ntawm Obvi, thiab lawv coj cov duab kos duab ntoo rau cov av hnyav no.

Center of symmetry

Tus qauv tseem ceeb yog hu ua Obvinsk sawv, nws nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab sawv cev rau lub paj ntawm yim petals - lub cim ntawm lub hnub thiab lub neej, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab saud thiab qis (sab ntsuj plig thiab khoom), qhov no yog ib lub cim zoo, cim qhia txog kev yug dua tshiab.

Cov xim ntawm nplooj ntawm Obvinsk sawv alternated nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam rau contrasts, piv txwv li, liab thiab dawb, xiav thiab dawb, uas kuj yog lub cim. Hauv Ancient Russia, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no ntawm cov xim tau nqis peev hauv cov qauv:

1. Liab yog lub cim ntawm kev zoo nkauj, hluav taws, kev noj qab haus huv.
2. Dawb txhais tau tias purity thiab innocence ntawm kev xav, dawb huv.
3. Xim xiav hauv lub ntsiab lus dawb ceev txhais tau hais tias kev tiv thaiv saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, ua cim ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab lub cev purity thiab lub zog.
4. Ntsuab hais txog kev yug dua tshiab, kev noj qab haus huv, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
5. daj txhais tau tias qhib siab thiab kev xyiv fab, kev vam meej thiab hmoov zoo.
6. Dub tuaj yeem ua lub cim lub zog ntawm niam lub ntiaj teb, fertility, motherhood.

Qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus semantic ib txwm ntawm cov xim. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias lwm cov ntsiab lus tau nqis peev hauv kev pleev xim rau Obve.

Paj tawg tauLwm tus qauv nrog cov kab ntawm cov dots, dashes, voj voog los kos xim rau nws.

Txuag lub tsheb kauj vab me nyuam

Spinning log nyob rau hauv pej xeem kab lis kev cai ntawm Russia tau muab qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib yam khoom dawb ceev hauv tsev: lub log tig tau saib xyuas, tu, thiab tuaj yeem rau txim.

• Sau npe, tau kawg, txhais tes tig lub log, uas muaj ntawm sab sauv - spades thiab caj dab. Lub shovel tau npog nrog ib tug qauv los yog carving.
• Txiv kab ntxwv hlais ntawm tus ntxaiv - nws tau muab tso rau hauv lub txaj, thiab niam tus menyuam tau noj los ntawm lub log tig. Cov cuab yeej raug suav hais tias yog amulet muaj zog tshaj plaws.
• Tsis txhob qiv rau lwm tus.
• Feem ntau, lub log tig nrog tus poj niam tag nrho nws lub neej. Thaum sib yuav, tus ntxhais coj nws lub log mus rau nws tus txiv tsev.
• Rau lub neej muaj zog thiab muaj kev zoo siab, tus vauv nws tus kheej ua lub voj voog rau tus nkauj nyab ua khoom plig.

cog motifs: paj thiab twigs

Nyob rau hauv lub motifs ntawm painting ntawm Obvinsk spinning log, feem ntau yog ib lub paj Rose nrog ib tug kauv twisted nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, los ntawm cov petals zoo li ya tawm. Lub ntsiab sawv yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub painting, tib lub paj, tab sis me me, tau pleev xim rau nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub paddle (shovel) thiab nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub ceg (caj dab) ntawm lub spinning log.

Cov xim hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom siv ntawm lub log tig ntawm Obve:

• xiav thiab ntsuab;
• ntsuab ntsuab, yuav luag dub;
• liab thiab txiv kab ntxwv;
• ci xiav flecks;
• white.

Cov keeb kwm ntawm lub mural tau ua hauv cov suab txias, thiab cov nroj tsuag motifs tau pleev xim rau hauv cov xim sov,tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem yog lwm txoj hauv kev.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov motif lossis cov duab ntawm "curly twig" tshwm, cov duab kos tau muaj xim ntau dua, ci ntsa iab, geometric qauv tshwm.

Txoj kev nthuav dav: txheej txheem txheej txheem

Muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv thaum siv Obvin painting txheej txheem - kev siv cov txheej txheem improvisation, rov ua dua thiab hloov pauv:

• kos duab tam sim ntawd siv rau tsob ntoo nrog txhuam thiab pleev xim yam tsis muaj cwj mem ua ntej lossis kos duab;
• qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm daim duab ib txwm rov ua cov duab ntawm cov khoom, hais txog nws;
• tus txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa lub zog ntawm daim duab yog siv, uas muab cov txheej txheem plasticity;
• siv cov duab piv txwv hauv cov duab kos.

Specifications

Lavxias teb sab txuj ci thiab khoom siv tes ua tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho. Cov tswv yim tshiab, kev xav thiab cov duab tshwm sim. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov txheej txheem kev kos duab ntawm Trans-Urals.

Hauv Obvinsk painting, cov xim sib xyaw ncaj qha rau ntawm daim duab. Tom qab tones thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntxiv rau cov duab uas tseem tsis tau qhuav rau saum npoo, uas tsim cov xim pastel hloov pauv. Npog lossis kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov xim dawb muab ntim rau paj thiab nplooj, txhim kho qhov tob thiab saturation.

Kev txais tos ntawm cov xim sib txawv pab qhia qhov kev xav ntawm cov duab ntau dua. Rau qhov no, piv txwv li, nplooj txiv kab ntxwv lossis liab nplooj raug sau rau ntawm xiav keeb kwm yav dhau. Yog hais tias lub painting tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ntsuab, ces tus qauv tseem ceeb ntawm ornament yog ua nyob rau hauv liab tones.

Lub tswvyim tau siv"razviki" - softening xim, piv txwv li, txiv kab ntxwv - daj, tsaus ntsuab - xim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm thinning yog kom sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm cov xim sib txawv, ua qauv, kho cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntse heev. Ua li no, lawv coj, piv txwv li, xim txiv kab ntxwv lossis xim liab rau ntawm txhuam, thiab siv cov qauv xim ntawm lub taub - daj, dawb, xiav.

Russian pej xeem painting ntawm ntoo hnub no

Nrog lub sijhawm dhau mus, tsis yog lub neej thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hloov pauv. Lawv cov txuj ci zoo nkauj tsim, hloov cov khoom ntoo.

Tam sim no, nws tau raug tsim tsa tias thawj tus tswv tau tshwm sim hauv Sretenskaya thiab Krivitskaya volosts ntawm Perm koog tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd cov txuj ci tau txais los ntawm lwm qhov chaw.

Zoo zoo, cov duab nrag ib txwm raug kho dua tshiab, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshiab tshwm sim ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Txhawm rau pleev xim ib daim ntoo hauv Obvin style, qhov khoom yog thawj zaug nrog cov ntoo ua kua nplaum, pleev xim nrog gouache, uas muab cov xim tsis sib sib zog nqus, thiab kho nrog cov kua roj vanish.

Kev pleev xim rau cov khoom ua si, kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, rooj, rooj zaum siab thiab lwm yam khoom siv los txhawb cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog nrov.

Yuav ua li cas kos ib rose, twigs, nplooj

Koj tuaj yeem ua obvinsky painting hauv tsev. Rau qhov no koj yuav xav tau:

1. Gouache lossis acrylic xim, tempera tuaj yeem siv.
2. Npaj squirrel txhuam 1, 3, 5.
3. A4 dawb lossis xim ntawv.
4. Palette, yooj yimxaum, eraser, napkins.

Ua ntej kos duab, nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no:

• ib txheej ntawm cov xim dries li 30 feeb, gouache yog ib qho yooj yim mus use, raws li nws yuav siv tau los npog tsaus tones nrog lub teeb;
• thaum qhuav, gouache brightens me ntsis, daim ntawv tshaj tawm gouache muaj xim ntau dua thiab npog lub zog dua li kos duab gouache.
• siv txhuam txhuam nrog txhuam txhuam - qhov mob stroke ntau dua thiab ntom.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab yog ib tug painting ntawm ntoo los ntawm Obvinsk, ib tug piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kos duab thiab tshwm sim ntawm ib tug niaj hnub version ntawm painting khoom.

Basic strokes hu ua "poob". Txhawm rau kom tau txais nws siv cov txheej txheem kev pleev xim Obvin, koj yuav tsum tuav cov txhuam hniav perpendicular rau daim ntawv, txav koj txhais tes los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, thaum xub thawj NW nyuam qhuav kov daim ntawv, tab sis thaum kawg maj mam nias txhuam.

Hloov lub siab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm txhuam, piv txwv li, ua kom cov kauv, ua rau cov hlab ntsha tshiab. Droplets, strokes, dots thiab kauv yog "animations", lawv enliven nplooj, stems thiab highlight tus qauv ntawm lub hauv paus paj.

Daim duab qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tee dej thiab cov hlab ntsha ua rau cov kauv.

Zoo kawg, peb tab tom kawm kos yim paj paj.

Plaub lub paj yuav tsum tau kos rau hauv ib qho xim, thiab plaub hauv lwm qhov. Peb tuav cov txhuam nruj nreem perpendicular rau saum npoo ntawm daim duab.

Tom qab koj tau txais cov ntsiab lus kom meej thiab meej ntawm daim ntawv, koj tuaj yeem pib pleev xim rau cov qauv me me. Nrhiav qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub plank thiab pibkos obvinskaya sawv, thiab tom qab ntawd - improvisation, stylization thiab rov ua dua.

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab pleev xim rau ntoo nrog cov xim acrylic, ces koj tsis tas yuav kho lawv nrog cov kua roj vanish. Ceev faj vim cov pigments nyuaj los ntxuav.