National Gallery hauv London (National Gallery). National Gallery ntawm London - paintings

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txij thaum immemorial, lub ntiaj teb painting tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov neeg sau, thiab tseem ua rau muaj kev zoo siab tas li ntawm qhov zoo tib yam, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, cov neeg nyob deb ntawm kev kos duab. Pom zoo tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom dhau los ntawm cov canvases pleev xim los ntawm txhuam ntawm titans ntawm Renaissance los yog Impressionists. Txawm tias muaj teeb meem kev tsim tawm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tsis tawm ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev zoo nkauj.

Feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm no tau nthuav tawm hauv cov duab kos duab thiab cov tsev cia puav pheej uas tawg thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog National Gallery hauv London, uas nws lub tsev nyob hauv plawv nroog, ntawm Trafalgar Square. Niaj hnub no, yuav luag 2.5 txhiab paintings los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Western Europe, tsim ntau tshaj 7 centuries ntawm lub ntiaj teb no keeb kwm - los ntawm lub 13th mus rau 20 centuries, yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv nws cov nyiaj, thiab exhibition halls yuav luag 2.5 txhiab. Tam sim no, London Gallery yog ib qho khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab hauv ntiaj teb.

About the history of the gallery

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, peb lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem ceeb tau qhib hauv Tebchaws Askiv, los ntawm National Gallery hauv London tau tsim tom qab: British Tsev khaws puav pheej, tsim hauv 1753, Dulwichlub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Dulwich College, ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1814 thiab nthuav tawm cov duab kos duab ntawm 17th-18th centuries, Royal Academy, ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1768 los ua ib lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab chaw ua yeeb yam, uas tsis muaj nws cov nyiaj txiag nrog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog los tsim lub teb chaws sau ntawm cov duab kos duab, thiab xyoo 1824 cov nyiaj tsim nyog tau faib, uas tau siv rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab kev yuav khoom ntawm 38 cov duab los ntawm J. J. Angerstein. Txij thaum ntawd los, National Gallery pib nws lub neej, qhov chaw uas yog Angerstein tsev loj, nyob ntawm Pall Mall Street. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshiab muaj, tsim thiab ntxiv nws cov nyiaj ua tsaug rau kev yuav khoom thiab pub dawb los ntawm ob lub koom haum thiab cov kws kos duab zoo tib yam.

Hnub plaub xyoos, txij xyoo 1834 txog 1838, tau tsim lub tsev neoclassical, tus kws tsim vaj tsev uas yog William Wilkins. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub nroog nruab nrab ntawm London. Lub National Gallery, ib daim duab ntawm lub tsev niaj hnub uas tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no, tau hloov mus rau hauv qhov loj tshaj plaws storehouse ntawm paintings los ntawm European artists nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa. Tab sis thaum xub thawj lub xwmfab no tau koom nrog lub tsev khaws puav pheej los ntawm Royal Academy of Arts, uas tau tsiv tawm ntawm no xyoo 1869. Maj mam, cov khoom sau tau rov ua dua, thiab lub tsev cia puav pheej tau loj hlob, uas yuav tsum muaj cov tsev tshiab, qhov kawg tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1991.

Lub tsev tsis raug puas tsuaj thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, tab sis thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob cuaj lub foob pob ua rau nws puas tsuaj. Hmoov zoo, txhua yamCov khoom pov thawj tau khiav tawm ua ntej, thiab tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, National Gallery hauv London tau qhib rau pej xeem.

Tag nrho cov kev nthuav qhia yog tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm kev nthuav qhia thiab tag nrho cov duab kos tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim.

Painting of Italy

Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev khaws khoom khaws cia yog cov duab kos ntawm Italian cov kws kos duab. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias rov qab rau xyoo 19th, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom tau txais cov duab kos hauv lub tebchaws no.

Cov khoom sau suav nrog ua haujlwm los ntawm Andrea Mantegna, Piero Della Francesca, Fra Filippo Lippi thiab Masaccio. Cov nyiaj kuj tseem muaj cov duab kos los ntawm Pietro Perugino, Sandro Botticelli, ntau cov duab los ntawm Raphael Santi, Michelangelo Buonarotti thiab Leonardo Da Vinci.

16th caug xyoo painting yog sawv cev los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Tintoretto thiab Giorgione. Thiab lub xyoo pua 17th yog sawv cev los ntawm cov duab ntawm Giovanni Battista Tiepolo thiab Michelangelo da Caravaggio.

Dutch painting

Ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Dutch, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Jan van Eyck sawv tawm. Cov ntawv sau kuj muaj ua haujlwm los ntawm Hans Memling, Hieronymus Bosch, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yog cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia nyob rau nplooj ntawv ntawm Phau Tshiab ntawm Phau Vajlugkub.

Painting Germany

Ntawm cov duab kos los ntawm German masters tuav los ntawm National Gallery hauv London yog cov duab kos los ntawm 16th-century artists Hans Holbein tus Hluas, Lucas Cranach tus Txwj Laug thiab Albrecht Dürer.

Flemish painting

Flemish paintings hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 17th. Cov no yog cov haujlwm los ntawm Anthony van Dyck, Peter Paul Rubens.

Ib qho ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm kev sau yog cov duab "Tus Poj Niam ntawm Harpsichord" los ntawm Jan Vermeer ntawm Delft.

Kuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom sau los ntawm Jacob van Ruisdael, Rembrandt Garmens van Rijn thiab Frans Hals.

Spanish paintings

Painting hauv Spain yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tswv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th: Diego Velasquez, Francisco de Zurbaran, El Greco. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv kev sau yog qee yam haujlwm los ntawm Francisco Goya thiab ob daim duab los ntawm Bartolome Esteban Murillo.

Painting of France and England

Cov duab kos los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam Fab Kis tau tso rau hauv qhov chaw txij li xyoo pua 17th. Ntawm no, tej hauj lwm ntawm Nicolas Poussin, Claude Lorrain tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txawv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, National Gallery hauv London khaws cia hauv nws cov duab sau los ntawm Francois Boucher, Jean-Honore Fragonard, Antoine Watteau, Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin, yos rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 18th.

Cov sau ntawm Fabkis cov duab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th uas nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom pov thawj: Eugene Delacroix, Jacques-Louis David, thiab Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres yog cov sawv cev ntawm impressionism.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, kev sau cov duab los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau rov ua tiav nrog cov haujlwm ntawm Edouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro.

Daim duab "Tsov nyob rau cua daj cua dub" los ntawm Henri Rousseau, uas ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau pej xeem hauv primitivism, tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb. Paintings los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm post-impressionism Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Paul Cezanne kuj tau nthuav tawm ntawm no.

The Tate Gallery yog qhov chaw khaws cia rau lub ntsiab lus sau ua lus Askiv. Ntawm no yogpaintings los ntawm William Hogarth, thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Royal Academy of Arts, Joshua Reynolds, thiab cov neeg pleev kob toj roob hauv pes John Constable, Joseph William Turner.

Nyob rau hauv National Gallery muaj lwm qhov, tsis muaj tsawg nthuav tsev cia puav pheej - National Portrait Gallery. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tawm hauv London yam tsis tau mus xyuas ob qhov chaw no, ib qho uas nthuav tawm European paintings, thiab qhov thib ob muaj ntau tshaj li ob txhiab daim duab ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb los ntawm Tebchaws Askiv thiab thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Qee tus neeg xav tias nws yog tib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, lawv tsuas yog txuas nrog lo lus "lub teb chaws" thiab nyob hauv tib qhov chaw - nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm London, ntawm Trafalgar Square.