Rothko Mark. Paintings nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm abstract expressionism
Rothko Mark. Paintings nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm abstract expressionism

Video: Rothko Mark. Paintings nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm abstract expressionism

Video: Rothko Mark. Paintings nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm abstract expressionism
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Abstract art, non-hom phiaj painting tsis yog amenable rau txias sober tsom xam. Cov hauj lwm ntawm xws li ib tug artist Mark Rothko, uas nws paintings tsis muaj txawm ib tug hint ntawm cov khoom los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tiag tiag, yog abstractionism nyob rau hauv nws purest daim ntawv. Logic thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev paub zoo sib xws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg saib qhov kev nkag siab ntawm Rothko txoj kev qhia tus kheej, hauv kev tshawb nrhiav uas tus kws kos duab tau los ntev thiab nyuaj txoj kev.

Nrhiav koj txoj kev

Markus Yakovlevich Rotkovich yug hauv 1903 hauv lub nroog Dvinsk, Vitebsk xeev (tam sim no Daugavpils, Latvia). Tom qab 10 xyoo, nws tsev neeg tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau Asmeskas, thiab nws yuav tsum tau mus dhau ntau yam kev sim neej. Nws tsis pom nws txoj kev hauv lub neej tam sim ntawd, poob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv lub 30-40s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws yog lub teb chaws USA uas yog qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob ntawm avant-garde art - abstractionists los ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe raug yuam tawm ntawm no.

Rothko Mark Paintings
Rothko Mark Paintings

Xyoo 1938 tus kws kos duab tau muab lub npe Rothko Mark. Nws tsim cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Cubo-futurist Marc Weber (1881-1961) thiab surrealist Arshile Gorky (1904-1948). Nws siv sijhawm ntev Rothko nrhiav nws txoj kev. Nws tau mus dhau lub sijhawm ntawm kev mob siab rau thiab cov duab kos duab: nws pleev xim portraits thiab hauv nroog toj roob hauv pes ("Poj niam qabsewing", 1935, "Nyob hauv subway", 1938). Surrealistic motifs nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm tau intensified los ntawm nws mob siab rau rau tshiab philosophical tswv yim: txaus siab rau lub unconscious, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm ib tug neeg, nyob rau hauv lub automatism ntawm kev xav thiab impressions.

Ua ntej, lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab Loj, tom qab ntawd qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb tshiab tau tsim ib qho chaw hauv zej zog uas ib txwm muaj thaj av tau ploj lawm. Tus kws kos duab nrhiav kev txhawb nqa hauv cov ntsiab lus mythological ("Antigone", 1941, "Hierarchical Birds", 1945), thiab tom qab ntawd los rau qhov tsis yog lub hom phiaj kos duab.

Txij thaum pib ntawm 50s, xws li kev ua yeeb yam zoo li Rothko thaum kawg tau tsim. Mark, uas nws cov duab kos muaj ob lossis peb daim duab plaub sib npaug, pom nws txoj hauv kev. Xim teb painting yog lub ntsiab lus thuam tau pom rau Rothko txoj kev.

Ib qho yooj yim rau cov tswv yim nyuaj

Tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej tsis nyiam piav nws cov duab thiab tsis tuaj yeem sawv thaum lwm tus ua. Nws tsis tau sim qhia lub tswv yim hauv cov lus, yog li ntawd, hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej uas Mark Rothko tau sawv cev, muaj cov duab kos nrog cov npe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus lej xov tooj thiab hnub tsim.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais raug hu ua tus neeg tsis paub meej vim nws suav tias nws cov duab kos yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub neej tiag tiag, cov kab mob muaj sia nrhiav kev sib cuag nrog tus saib.

Mark Rothko, paintings, duab
Mark Rothko, paintings, duab

Nws muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev xav ntawm nws tus kheej ua tus kws kos duab - "colorist", txawm hais tias nws ib txwm ua tib zoo ua haujlwm nrog cov xim, txawm tias manually rubbed pigments, ua tiav cov xim uas xav tau thiab sib xws. Nws suav hais tias qhov piv ntawm pawg thiab ntim yog qhov tseem ceeb dua.cov blocks uas tsim nws cov compositions.

daim duab zoo li ua yeeb yam

Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, Rothko xav kom koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam thiab yuav luag rau hauv chav ua yeeb yam. Nws feem ntau hu ua nws cov yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, thiab nws yog qhov yooj yim los xav txog lawv li kev kho kom zoo nkauj theem. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia lwm yam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Rothko cov duab kos rau cov neeg tuaj saib.

Ntau tus neeg nco txog kev koom tes tshwj xeeb hauv qhov chaw pleev xim. Rau lub exhibition ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, tus kws kos duab xaiv dim dag dag, yuav luag twilight. Thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws pom zoo saib ntawm daim duab, Rothko txiav txim siab ntawm 18 ntiv tes (45 cm). Xav txog qhov pom kev vibration ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov xim dawb, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim txheej (qee zaum ntau txheej), ib tus tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txav mus tob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm daim duab, ua rau muaj kev xav zoo nkauj ntxiv.

Rothko Chapel

Lub koom haum tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim duab thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev nkag siab nws cov duab yog rau tus kws kos duab tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm pawg ntseeg ntawm lub koom haum kev ntseeg hauv Houston. Cov vaj huam sib luag loj loj uas tau pleev xim rau hauv pawg hu nkauj yog nyob rau hauv ib chav tsim raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm Rothko. Mark, uas nws paintings nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog yuav luag monochrome, koom nyob rau hauv tsim thiab teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub tsev.

Mark Rothko paintings nrog lub npe
Mark Rothko paintings nrog lub npe

Lub tsev teev ntuj, uas lub tsev teev ntuj tau los ua ib feem, tsis koom nrog ib qho kev ntseeg tshwj xeeb thiab muab siab rau Vajtswv. Kev xav, cais tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua nyob hauv lub tsev octagonal nrog lub teeb ci nyob hauv lub dome. Mark Rothko muab tso rau hauv lub tsev nopaintings. Daim duab qhia tau hais tias qhov kev tawm tsam no muaj zog npaum li cas.

Long road to recognition

Tus neeg ua yeeb yam tus kheej tsis yooj yim. Ntev xyoo ntawm kev txom nyem, kev tsis ntseeg ntawm cov neeg nyob ze ntawm nws lub peev xwm cuam tshuam nws, yog li kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mark Rothko tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev cia siab. Txawm hais tias cov blocks ntawm cov xim ci thiab sov ua rau muaj kev xav zoo heev. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xwm txheej hauv lub neej hauv zej zog thiab txhua tus neeg hu ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Tuag raws li daim duab kawg

Thaum 60s lig, koob meej thiab nyiaj txiag tuaj, tab sis kab mob thiab teeb meem hauv tsev neeg tau tshwm sim. Lub Ob Hlis 25, 1970, tus kws kos duab tua tus kheej los ntawm kev qhib nws cov leeg. Mark Rothko - duab, duab nrog nws sau tag nrho cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm - kos npe rau nws txoj haujlwm kawg …

Nws hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yuav ua li cas nws cov duab kos tsuas yog rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Tom qab ua haujlwm tau ob xyoos ntawm kev xaj rau lub tsev noj mov kim tshaj plaws hauv New York, Rothko rov qab ua ntej thiab tso tseg txoj haujlwm thaum nws xav txog cov neeg nplua nuj munching thiab glancing ntawm nws lub vaj huam sib luag.

Mark Rothko. Txiv kab ntxwv, liab, daj
Mark Rothko. Txiv kab ntxwv, liab, daj

Lub ntiaj teb cov khoom sau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab niaj hnub tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yam tsis muaj duab kos los ntawm Mark Rothko. "Txiv kab ntxwv, Liab, Daj", "White Center" - zoo kawg lab nyiaj tau los them rau cov paintings ntawm auctions. Cov lej no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhawb cov neeg nyob hauv, uas pom tsuas yog cov xim tsis sib xws, uas tsis thab mus rau kauj ruam ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab thiab kev xav. Thiab ntau npaum li cas yog kev ywj pheej, ntau npaum li cas yog mob siabtib neeg thiab tus kws kos duab?

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