American composer Leonard Bernstein: biography, creativity thiab nthuav tseeb

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American composer Leonard Bernstein: biography, creativity thiab nthuav tseeb
American composer Leonard Bernstein: biography, creativity thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: American composer Leonard Bernstein: biography, creativity thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: American composer Leonard Bernstein: biography, creativity thiab nthuav tseeb
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Leonard Bernstein phau ntawv keeb kwm pib hauv Lawrence, Massachusetts. Nws yog tus tub ntawm Ukrainian cov neeg Yudais Jenny (née Reznik) thiab Samuel Joseph Bernstein, tus muag khoom zoo nkauj. Ob leeg niam txiv los ntawm Rivne (tam sim no Ukraine).

Young Bernstein
Young Bernstein

Nws tsev neeg feem ntau nyob hauv lawv lub tsev caij ntuj sov hauv Sharon, Massachusetts. Nws pog hais tias tus tub hu ua Louis, tab sis nws niam nws txiv ib txwm hu nws Leonard. Nws hloov nws lub npe mus rau Leonard thaum nws muaj kaum tsib xyoos, tsis ntev tom qab nws pog tuag. Rau nws cov phooj ywg thiab ntau tus neeg, nws qhia nws tus kheej yooj yim li "Lenny".

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, Leonard Bernstein hnov tus pianist ua yeeb yam thiab tam sim ntawd txaus siab los ntawm cov suab paj nruag enchanting. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pib kawm lub piano tiag tiag tom qab nws tus kwv tij Lillian Goldman tus piano tau yuav los ntawm nws tsev neeg. Bernstein tau mus kawm Harrison Grammar School thiab BostonLub tsev kawm ntawv Latin. Thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws nyob ze rau nws tus muam Shirley thiab feem ntau ua si tag nrho Beethoven operas thiab symphonies ntawm piano nrog nws. Nws muaj ntau tus kws qhia piano thaum nws tseem hluas, suav nrog Helen Coates, uas tom qab ntawd los ua nws tus tuav ntaub ntawv.

Bernstein hauv nws cov hluas
Bernstein hauv nws cov hluas

University

Tom qab kawm tiav Tsev Kawm Ntawv Boston Latin xyoo 1935, yav tom ntej tus thawj coj Leonard Bernstein tau mus kawm Harvard University, qhov chaw nws kawm suab paj nruag hauv Edward Burlingham-Hill thiab W alter Piston. Bernstein qhov kev txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm Harvard yog tej zaum tus kws tshaj lij kev zoo nkauj David Prall, uas nws muaj ntau txoj kev saib xyuas ntawm kev kos duab uas tus kws sau nkauj zoo tau qhia rau nws lub neej.

Lub sijhawm ntawd, Bernstein kuj tau ntsib nrog tus thawj coj Dimitri Mitropoulos. Txawm hais tias nws tsis tau qhia Bernstein, Mitropoulos 'charisma thiab lub zog ua tus ntaus suab paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws qhov kev txiav txim siab los coj. Mitropoulos tsis yog stylistically ze rau Leonard Bernstein, tab sis tej zaum nws yuav cuam tshuam rau qee yam ntawm nws cov cwj pwm tom qab thiab tseem ua rau nws nyiam Mahler.

neej neeg

Tom qab kawm, tus thawj coj yav tom ntej nyob hauv New York. Nws tau koom ib chav tsev nrog nws tus phooj ywg Adolph Green thiab feem ntau ua nrog nws, Betty Comden, thiab Judy Holliday hauv ib pab pawg neeg hu ua The Revolutionaries uas tau ua hauv Greenwich Village. Nws tau xauj qhov chaw los ntawm tus tshaj tawm suab paj nruag, sau suab paj nruag thiab tsim kev npaj raws li lub npe hu ua Lenny Umber. ("bernstein" hauv German "amber", thiab"amber" hauv lus Askiv) Xyoo 1940, nws pib nws txoj kev kawm ntawm Tanglewood Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Caij Ntuj Sov ntawm Boston Symphony Orchestra nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm orchestral conductor Serge Koussevitzky.

Bernstein kev phooj ywg nrog Copland (uas yog ze rau Koussevitzky) thiab Mitropoulos tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo vim nws tau pab nws kom muaj chaw nyob hauv chav kawm. Tej zaum Koussevitzky tsis qhia Bernstein tus qauv ntawm kev coj ua (uas nws twb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Reiner), tab sis hloov tau los ua ib tug txiv neej rau nws, thiab tej zaum instilled rau hauv nws txoj kev xav ntawm kev txhais suab paj nruag. Bernstein tau los ua Koussevitzky tus pab cuam thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws lub Symphony No. 2 "The Age of Unrest" rau nws.

Bernstein thiab David Amram
Bernstein thiab David Amram

pib ua haujlwm

Kaum Ib Hlis 14, 1943, tus thawj tswj hwm tshiab tau xaiv Arthur Rodzinsky ntawm New York Philharmonic, nws tau ua nws qhov kev tshwm sim loj nyob rau hauv tsis muaj sijhawm - thiab tsis muaj kev rov ua dua - tom qab tus thawj coj qhua tsis tuaj yeem ua tau vim yog mob khaub thuas. Qhov kev pab cuam suav nrog Schumann, Miklós Roz, Wagner thiab Richard Strauss 'Don Quixote nrog soloist Joseph Schuster, solo cellist ntawm lub orchestra. Ua ntej kev hais kwv txhiaj, Leonard Bernstein tau tham nrog Bruno W alter, tham luv luv txog cov teeb meem yav tom ntej hauv kev ua haujlwm. Lub New York Times tau khiav zaj dab neeg ntawm nws nplooj ntawv pem hauv ntej hnub tom qab thiab tau hais hauv kev sau ntawv, "Qhov no yog zaj dab neeg zoo Asmeskas. Kev sov siab, kev sib tw ua phooj ywg puv Carnegie Hall thiab kis mus rau saum huab cua. " Nws tam sim ntawd los ua nto moo vimqhov kev hais kwv txhiaj tau tshaj tawm thoob tebchaws hauv xov tooj cua CBS, thiab tom qab ntawd Bernstein pib ua yeeb yam ua tus coj qhua nrog ntau tus neeg Asmeskas orchestras.

Leading the orchestra

Los ntawm 1945 txog 1947, Bernstein yog tus thawj coj suab paj nruag ntawm Symphony Orchestra hauv New York, uas tau tsim los ntawm tus thawj coj Leopold Stokowski. Lub suab paj nruag (txhawb nqa los ntawm tus kav nroog) tau tsom mus rau cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv dua li New York Philharmonic, nrog rau cov programming tshiab thiab pheej yig dua daim pib.

Kev ua haujlwm ntxiv

Bernstein yog tus xibfwb qhia suab paj nruag los ntawm 1951 txog 1956 ntawm Brandeis University, thiab xyoo 1952 nws tau teeb tsa Creative Arts Festival. Nws tau ua ntau yam kev tsim tawm ntawm thawj lub koob tsheej, suav nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm nws qhov teeb meem ua yeeb yam hauv Tahiti thiab cov lus Askiv version ntawm Kurt Weill's Three-Pen Opera. Lub koob tsheej tau hloov npe tom qab nws xyoo 2005, dhau los ua Leonard Bernstein Festival of Art. Xyoo 1953, nws yog thawj tus thawj coj Asmeskas tau tshwm sim ntawm La Scala hauv Milan, ua lub suab paj nruag thaum Maria Callas qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv Cherubini's Medea. Kallas thiab Bernstein ua haujlwm ua ke ntau zaus tom qab ntawd. Nco ntsoov lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg sau keeb kwm hu ua haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Leonard Bernstein "West Side Story".

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, Bernstein thiab New York Philharmonic tau tuav Mahler Festival, mob siab rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yug. Bernstein, W alter thiab Mitropoulos tau teeb tsa thiab qhia txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua koob tsheej. Tus kws sau nkauj tus poj ntsuam, Amas, tau tuaj koom qee qhov ntawm Leonard qhov kev xyaum ua. Xyoo 1960nws tau ua nws thawj zaug kev lag luam kaw lus ntawm Mahler symphony (thib plaub), thiab dhau xya xyoo tom ntej nws tau ua haujlwm rau thawj lub voj voog ntawm kev kaw tseg ntawm tag nrho cuaj ntawm Mahler's tiav symphonies. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm los ntawm New York Philharmonic, tshwj tsis yog rau 8th Symphony, uas tau kaw los ntawm London Symphony Orchestra rau kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Royal Albert Hall hauv London xyoo 1966. Kev vam meej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, nrog rau Bernstein concerts thiab tshaj tawm hauv TV, tau txiav txim siab rov muaj kev txaus siab rau Mahler hauv xyoo 1960, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas.

Bernstein nrog tsev neeg
Bernstein nrog tsev neeg

Bernstein kuj nyiam Danish kws sau ntawv Carl Nielsen (uas yog tus paub me ntsis hauv Asmeskas) thiab Jean Sibelius, uas nws cov koob meej tau pib ploj mus thaum ntawd. Thaum kawg, txawm li cas los xij, nws tau sau tag nrho lub voj voog ntawm Sibelius symphonies thiab peb Nielsen symphonies (No. 2, 4 thiab 5), thiab kuj tau kaw nws lub suab nkauj, clarinet thiab flute concertos. Nws kuj tau sau Nielsen's 3rd Symphony nrog Royal Danish Orchestra tom qab nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau pej xeem hauv Denmark. Bernstein kuj tau ua yeeb yam nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam Asmeskas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas nws nyob ze, xws li Aaron Copland, William Schumann thiab David Diamond. Nws kuj tau pib sau nws tus kheej ntau dua rau Columbia Cov Ntaub Ntawv. Qhov no suav nrog nws peb symphonies, nws cov ballets thiab symphonic seev cev los ntawm West Side Story nrog New York Philharmonic. Nws kuj tau luam tawm nws tus kheej 1944 suab paj nruag album, Nyob Hauv Lub Zos, thawj qhov yuav luag tiav cov ntaub ntawv qub, muaj ntau tus tswv cuab ntawm lawv lub tuam txhab qub Broadway, suav nrogBetty Comden thiab Adolph Green. Leonard Bernstein kuj tau koom tes nrog kev sim jazz pianist thiab composer Dave Brubeck.

Tawm lub Philharmonic

Tom qab tawm hauv New York Philharmonic, Bernstein txuas ntxiv nrog nws mus rau ntau xyoo txog thaum nws tuag, ncig teb chaws Europe xyoo 1976 thiab Asia xyoo 1979 ua ke. Nws kuj tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Vienna Philharmonic, sau tag nrho cuaj ntawm Mahler qhov ua tiav symphonies (ntxiv rau adagio los ntawm 10th symphony) nrog lawv ntawm 1967 thiab 1976. Txhua tus tau sau tseg rau Unitel Studios, tshwj tsis yog xyoo 1967 kaw, uas Bernstein tau kaw nrog London Symphony Orchestra ntawm Ely Cathedral hauv 1973. Thaum xyoo 1970s, tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus neeg saib xyuas tau ua si thiab sau Beethoven lub voj voog ua tiav nrog Vienna Philharmonic, thiab nyob rau xyoo 1980s Brahms thiab Schumann cycles tau ua raws.

Cov laus Bernstein
Cov laus Bernstein

Ua haujlwm hauv Europe

Hauv xyoo 1970, Bernstein tau txiav txim siab ua lub hnub qub hauv cuaj caum-feeb kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv thiab ncig Vienna thaum Beethoven lub koob tsheej 200 xyoo. Nws nthuav tawm qee qhov ntawm Bernstein qhov kev xyaum thiab ua yeeb yam rau Otto Schenck's Fidelio concerts. Ntxiv rau Bernstein, uas tau ua tus 1 Piano Concerto thaum lub Cuaj Hlis Symphony ua los ntawm Vienna Philharmonic, cov tub ntxhais hluas Plácido Domingo kuj tau ua tus soloist ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj. Cov yeeb yam, thawj lub npe hu ua Beethoven's Birthday: Kev Ua koob tsheej hauv Vienna, yeej Emmy thiab tau tso tawm hauv DVD hauv 2005. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1970, thaum lub sijhawm London Festival, nws ua si Verdi's Requiem hauvSt. Paul's Cathedral nrog London Symphony Orchestra.

xyoo tshiab

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, Leonard Bernstein tau txais International Premium Imperial Award rau lub neej ua tiav hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Tus kws sau ntawv siv $ 100,000 khoom plig los tsim "Bernstein Educational Foundation" (BETA), Inc. Nws muab cov nyiaj pab no rau kev txhim kho kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv kev kos duab. Lub Leonard Bernstein Center tau tsim nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1992 thiab pib tshawb fawb ntau hauv kev tshawb fawb suab paj nruag, ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm lub npe hu ua "Bernstein Model", nrog rau kev kawm tshwj xeeb kos duab uas muaj npe tom qab tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus thawj coj zoo.

Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein

Lub Yim Hli 19, 1990, Bernstein tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Tanglewood, thiab Boston Symphony Orchestra nyob rau hauv nws kev coj ua si Benjamin Britten's thiab Peter Grimes's Four Marine Interludes thiab Beethoven's Symphony No. 7. Nws raug ntes los ntawm kev ua nruj ua tsiv ntawm hnoos thaum lub sijhawm thib peb ntawm Beethoven symphony, tab sis Bernstein, txawm li cas los xij, txuas ntxiv ua lub concerto kom txog thaum nws xaus, tawm hauv theem thaum sawv ntxov ovation. Tsawg tshaj li ob lub hlis tom qab, cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm ntawm Leonard Bernstein "tus menyuam ntsuag" - lawv tus tsim, raws li cov ntawv tshaj tawm, tuag los ntawm mob ntsws cancer.

Bernstein thiab Richard Horowitz
Bernstein thiab Richard Horowitz

Lub neej ntiag tug

Lub neej sib raug zoo ntawm tus thawj coj zoo thiab tus kws sau nkauj ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm nws qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ncaj ncees. Tag nrhoCov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Leonard Bernstein pom zoo tias nws yog 100% kev sib deev thiab tsuas yog sib yuav los txhawb nws txoj haujlwm. Txhua tus npoj yaig thiab txawm tias nws tus poj niam paub txog nws txoj kev sib deev. Txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws txiav txim siab tias nws tsis tuaj yeem dag rau nws tus kheej thiab txhua tus neeg ntxiv lawm, thiab tau tsiv mus nrog nws tus khub, tus thawj coj suab paj nruag Tom Contran. Leonard Bernstein cov lus hais, uas tuaj yeem txiav txim kom meej meej txog nws tus kheej lub neej, tsis tau khaws cia.

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