Architecture ntawm Venice: keeb kwm, piav qhia, qauv, duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Venice yog ib zaj dab neeg tiag tiag. Lub nroog no yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb tiag tiag, npau suav uas tshwm sim ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub pas dej nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Hiav Txwv Adriatic. Vim li cas Venetian architecture suav tias yog qhov kim tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe? Yam tsawg kawg yog vim cov neeg hauv zos ib zaug yog cov tub sab uas hwm tshaj plaws, thiab nws tau nyob ntawm lawv cov khoom plig uas tau tsim cov kab lis kev cai zoo nkauj thiab tshwj xeeb.

Venice zoo li cas?

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm architectural kab lis kev cai yog nws hyper-eclecticism. Nws coj los ua ke cov qauv sib txawv uas yuav tsis tau hla ib yam li ntawd yog tias cov keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm tau raug ntsuas thiab zoo ib yam. Nws yog cov xwm txheej rau kev muaj nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe hauv Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog uas tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub nroog zoo heev. Ib qho qauv ntawm Venice architecture tuaj yeem taug qab hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog

Qhov tseeb, lub nroog Italian no tsis tuaj yeem tshwm simib yam li ntawd, tam sim no tsis muaj laj thawj prosaic. Yog li, keeb kwm ntawm Venice pib nyob rau hauv 452, thaum cov Huns caum cov neeg nyob hauv Veneto, thiab tom kawg yuav tsum tau nkaum nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov Islands tuaj. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab koj tsev neeg. Lwm tus nyiam mus nkaum los ntawm kev ntxeem tau tom qab cov phab ntsa muaj zog ntawm cov fortresses, tab sis tsuas yog yav tom ntej cov neeg nyob hauv Venice tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm dej, tsis muaj txoj kev uas lawv tuaj yeem mus ze. Nyob rau hauv lem, sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ltalis los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub thib ob xyoo txhiab BC tau nyob los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg hu ua Veneti, nyob rau hauv Latin nws suab zoo li veneti. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab xyoo pua 13th xwb lub ntiaj teb no paub lub npe xws li Venice. Cov neeg Loos tsis ntseeg txog cov neeg no, lawv hu ua yav tom ntej Venetians Illyrians, uas hauv Latin txhais tau tias yog neeg txawv teb chaws. Lub Venice Architecture Biennale yog lub sijhawm zoo los tshawb txog keeb kwm kos duab.

Lub nroog ua li cas?

Lub ncov ntawm lub nroog kev tsim kho tau poob rau 9th-13th centuries. Cov txheej txheem tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj sib cais los ntawm lub mainland los ntawm ib tug strait, qhov ntev ntawm mus txog plaub kilometers. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsuas yog ob kilometers ntawm lub nroog yog lub hiav txwv qhib. Yog vim li cas embankments tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv Venice: tag nrho cov tsev thiab txoj kev mus ncaj nraim mus rau hauv dej, thiab cov neeg siv nqaim nkoj nqaim, uas feem ntau yog dub thiab cam khwb cia nrog kub. Tsis ntev lawv tau pib hu ua gondolas, uas nyob rau hauv Latin txhais tau tias "sea eel". Outwardly, lawv zoo ib yam li cov marine inhabitants.

Grand Canal

Qhov ntev ntawm tus kwj dej loj tshaj plaws hauv nroog mus txog yuav luag plaub mais thiab faib lub nroog ua ob ntu zoo li tus nab nkhaus. Cov kab me me twb ntws mus rau hauv nws, muaj li 45 ntawm lawv, rau cov av uas tseem tshuav tom qab kev tsim kho cov channel, cov neeg hauv zos tau siv nws los txhawb cov shores ntawm cov islets. Muaj 118 ntawm lawv nyob rau yav tom ntej Venice, thiab lawv muaj kev sib tshuam los ntawm 350 kwj dej. Suab zoo heev, puas yog?

Venetian toj roob hauv pes

thawj lub koom haum uas xav txog yog pob zeb, hnub thiab dej. Nov yog tag nrho Venice. Ntawm no koj yuav tsis pom greenery, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv lub nroog los ntawm kev zoo nkauj heev. Winding canals, charming nqaim txoj kev, architecture thiab kev ua si ntawm lub hnub ntawm dej thiab pob zeb yog nto moo rau lawv kev zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yooj yim tsis yog rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg nyob hauv zos, vim tias nws yooj yim heev kom poob rau hauv ntau txoj kab. Cov keeb kwm yog qhov nthuav heev, tab sis niaj hnub no architecture ntawm lub nroog Venice yog ib tug dab ntawm lub neej yav dhau los, thiab cov hnub so nyob mus ib txhis, hmoov tsis, tab tom los txog rau qhov kawg. Raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm nto moo tau sau, lub nroog khaws nws qhov kev lom zem yav dhau los thiab ci ntsa iab nkaus xwb ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Venice, qhov kev xav ntawm kev npau suav zoo heev yuav tsis tso koj mus txog thaum koj ko taw kov hauv av.

Lub tsev qub tshaj plaws

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho pib nrog cov kob ntawm Torcello. Nws nyob ntawm no uas cov tuam tsev qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog nyob. Lub npe los ntawm lo lus torre, uas txhais tau tias "ntauwd".

Nws tsim nyog pib nrog lub Cathedral ntawm Santa Maria Assunta, nws pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7th thiab tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 11th. Lub tsev no yog ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm Romanesque style, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qee qhov hnyav. Cov khoom tom ntej no, yam tsis muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem tham txog cov architecture ntawm Venice, yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Santa Fosca. Nyob rau hauv kev txhais lus, lub npe txhais tau tias "dhuav", thiab nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub 11th mus rau lub 12th centuries. Lub tsev teev ntuj yog txawv los ntawm cov style ntawm Byzantine architecture; nws tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug Greek ntoo khaub lig. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub dome ntawm cov qauv tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Venice architecture yog dab tsi

Lub sijhawm keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog ntau pua xyoo, plaub qhov kev tsim vaj tsev tau zoo sib xws hauv nws ib zaug. Txhua tus ntawm lawv txhais ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv ntawm architecture hauv Venice: Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic thiab Renaissance style. Peb yuav txheeb xyuas txhua tus ntawm lawv thiab pib txij lub sijhawm Byzantium. Cov style no yog dominated los ntawm kev hlub ntawm khoom kim heev, kev nplua nuj, nws yog teeming nrog ntau yam decorations thiab decorations. Ib qho tshwj xeeb yog arches ntawm ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg, nrog rau cov vaults domed thiab tiag tiag mosaic kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa thiab qab nthab.

Lub Byzantine style tau nrov tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm txij li 6th txog rau xyoo pua 12th. Txij li qhov tshwj xeeb style no cuam tshuam nrog lub paj ntawm Venice tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias nws tsuas yog tso nws cov cim ntawm kev txhim kho tom ntej ntawm lub nroog architecture.

Roman style

Cov style tau vam meej nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog khov kho nyob rau sab hnub poob. Koj txhais tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Romanesque stylesiv cov neeg ntawm Roman Catholic kev ntseeg. Thawj qhov kev sim qhia cov ntsiab lus tshiab rau hauv architecture tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Byzantine style. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries, lub tsev teev ntuj nrog dav phab ntsa thiab me me qhov rais pib tshwm, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm style. Nws tseem tsim nyog them sai sai rau ob kab ntawm kab, uas txuas nrog semicircular arches. Yog li, qhov kev tsim no faib lub tsev ua peb ntu.

Venetian Gothic

Ua ntej tshaj, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov twg lub npe no tuaj. Nws tag nrho pib rov qab rau hauv Renaissance, thaum Italian masters dubbed lub qis dua classical style. Lawv suav tias Gothic yog ib qho piv txwv nrog kev ua phem. Nyob rau hauv Venice, nws tau nrov nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub 12th thiab 15th centuries. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog Gothic hauv architecture los ntawm lancet arches, steep vaults, nce toj siab, siab qhov rais, lace décor, thiab lwm yam.

Renaissance

Lub rooj txhawb siab qub txeeg qub teg hauv Venice poob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas cov kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Ltalis tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm Ancient Greece thiab Rome. Lawv tau hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawd raws li lawv lub sijhawm. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov architecture ntawm Venice nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance yog txhua kab uas tau ntsia raws li ib tug pas nrig, arches, ornamentation, painting, nyem, rectangular windows, loj cornices, luxurious decorations. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Boroque style pib los rau hauv lawv tus kheej. Thiab tam sim no xav txog cov architectural monuments ntawm Venice.

Ponte dei Sospiri

Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hais lus Lavxias, nws zoo dua lub npe hu ua Choj ntawm Sighs. Nws tsim hnub rov qab mus rau 1602, thiab kev tsim kho tau tshwm sim raws li kev coj ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Antonio Contino. Tus choj yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm lub baroque architecture ntawm Venice thiab yog txawv los ntawm nws tshwj xeeb elegance. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tsim yog los txuas cov ntug dej ntawm Rio Di Palazzo, zoo dua lub npe hu ua Palace Canal. Ib lub txhab nyiaj tseem ceeb hauv nws lub tsev Doge's Palace, nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias nws tau siv los ua lub tsev hais plaub, tab sis ntawm lub txhab nyiaj rov qab muaj lub tsev loj cuj. Yog tias koj ntseeg Venetian cov lus dab neeg, ces lub npe zoo li tus Choj ntawm Sighs tuaj tseeb los ntawm kev tu siab ntawm cov neeg raug kaw uas, txav raws tus choj ntawm lub tsev hais plaub mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj, saib tu siab ntawm Venice zoo heev.

Lwm zaj dab neeg yog romantic dua. Nws hais tias lub siab ntsws tsis tu siab kiag li thiab koom nrog cov khub niam txiv hauv kev hlub, tsis raug txim txhaum cai.

Doge's Palace

Nws tsis tuaj yeem tham txog kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm Venice yam tsis tau hais txog lub monument zoo ntawm Italian Gothic. Nws yog Doge's Palace - ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws attractions ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv dej. Lub tsev nyob rau ntawm St. Mark's Square, qhov twg lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tib lub npe sawv ze. Raws li rau lub npe, nws keeb kwm txuas nrog qhov chaw nyob ntawm doge, thiab qhov no yog lub taub hau ntawm koom pheej ntawm Venice. Zoo li lub tsev teev ntuj sawv ze ze, lub palace tau tsim los ntev thiab dai kom zoo nkauj rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li muaj ntau hom.

Lub tsev thawj zaug pom lub ntiaj teb hauv 810 thiab yog qhov tshaj plawsib tug zoo tib yam fortress, muaj cov phab ntsa thiab yees. Tsuas muaj dej ib ncig xwb. Ib puas xyoo tau ua tiav lwm qhov, thiab nyob rau hauv 976 tau muaj kev tawm tsam nto moo tawm tsam Doge Kandani thib tsib, cov neeg hlawv nws lub tsev. Hloov chaw, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub fortress tshiab, txawm li cas los xij, nws lub neej luv luv, nws tau hlawv hauv 1106. Lub palace uas peb tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no tau tsim los ntawm 1309 thiab 1421. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb uas tus kws tsim vaj tsev yog, qee qhov chaw qhia lub npe ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Filippo Calendario. Tsuas yog nyob ntawm no thiab ntawm lub palace no muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1577, ib feem me me ntawm lub tsev tau irrevocably puas los ntawm hluav taws, thiab tus kws kes duab vajtse Antonio de Ponti coj los kho dua. Qab nws twb yog ib txoj hauj lwm zoo li Ri alto Choj. Cov rooj sib tham ntawm Grand Council thiab Senate tau tuav hauv Doge's Palace, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab tau ua haujlwm ntawm no thiab txawm tias tub ceev xwm zais cia ua haujlwm tsis pom zoo.

Piazza San Marco

Qhov peculiarity ntawm lub square yog tias nws tsuas yog ib qho ntawm tag nrho cov Venice, uas cov neeg hauv zos hu ua piazza, uas txhais tau tias "square". Tus so yog hu ua campo, uas txhais tau hais tias "thaj chaw" hauv kev txhais lus thiab suav tias tsis tshua muaj siab xav. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, Venetians taw qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Piazza San Marco rau ob qho tib si neeg ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg hauv zos. Lub attraction tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Thwj Tim Mark. Rov qab rau xyoo 829, ob tug tub lag luam tau nqa cov khoom plig ntawm Saint los ntawm Alexandria thiab ntsiag to coj lawv mus rau Venice. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov Arabs los zenqa cargo, cov tub lag luam tso nqaij npuas carcasses nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sarcophagus. Txhawm rau khaws cov relics, lub Basilica ntawm St. Mark tau tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub palace coup, lub tsev raug puas tsuaj, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1063 lawv tau pib tsim lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, Piazza San Marco nthuav dav, thiab thaum kawg tau mus txog qhov loj me uas nws tau tuav lub nroog parades, carnivals thiab txawm tua cov neeg phem. Lub architecture ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm San Marco nyob rau hauv Venice muaj xws li ob peb yam uas txawj ntse ua ke nrog ib leeg.