2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Architectural futurism yog daim duab kos duab ywj pheej, koom ua ke raws li lub npe dav dav ntawm lub futuristic zog uas tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum thiab suav nrog paj huam, ntawv nyeem, pleev xim, khaub ncaws thiab ntau ntxiv. Futurism txhais tau tias muaj kev ntshaw rau yav tom ntej - ob qho tib si rau cov kev taw qhia dav dav thiab rau kev tsim vaj tsev tshwj xeeb, cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog kev tiv thaiv keeb kwm, kev ua tshiab, kev ua kom muaj zog thiab kev ua siab ntev. Futurism tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm USSR, dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev tsim kho lub neej tshiab.
Definition
Lub xyoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm futurism hauv architecture tuaj yeem suav tias yog xyoo 1912, txij li xyoo no tus kws kos duab Italian Antonio Sant'Elia thawj zaug piav txog lub zeem muag ntawm lub nroog cov ntawv ntawm daim ntawv. Los ntawm 1912 mus rau 1914 nws tau tsim ib tug naas ej series ntawm sketches ntawm qhov kev kawm. Tom qab ntawd nws luam tawm nws ManifestoUa ntej ntawd, cov style tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Sant Elia, kos duab ntawm futuristic vaj tse tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho tiag tiag, tus tsim ntawm futurism hauv architecture yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub futuristic architecture. yees duab hauv qab no.
Los ntawm txhais, daim ntawv futuristic ntawm architecture yog daim iav duab ntawm tag nrho cov architectural canons uas muaj ua ntej lub xyoo pua 20th. Yog li, qhov no architecture yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ahistorical thiab fantasy - nws yog tsis muaj ib tug meej symmetry, los yog, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, muaj hypertrophied symmetry, thiab es tsis txhob ntawm cov niaj hnub decorations nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kab, qhov rais thiab bas-reliefs, muaj tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis zoo ib yam li txhua yam, bold kab thiab siab tshaj plaws dynamics. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog iav, hlau thiab cov pob zeb dawb - daim ntawv yeej muaj cov ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv los ntawm lub ntiaj teb architecture
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias architectural futurism tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kho tam sim ntawd - thaum lub ncov ntawm kev muaj koob meej yog Art Deco style, uas tsis tso nws txoj haujlwm mus txog thaum lub ncov ntawm qhov nrov tshaj plaws. pib ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Cov tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm 50-70s, lawv cov kev tsim kho tau cuam tshuam nrog kev pib ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev mob siab rau qhov chaw thiab kev vam meej hauv ntiaj teb. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, Jack Langston Library hauv California (tsim hauv 1965), Lub Tsev Ntsiab Lus hauv Los Angeles (1961), Geisel Library hauv San Diego (1970). Hauv qab no hauv daim duabfuturism nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm cov tsev saum toj no.
Nyob rau thaum ntxov 70s, futuristic vaj tse mus dhau US thiab pib tshwm nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - cov no muaj xws li lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv Brasilia, Ferro House nyob rau hauv Zurich thiab lub Opera tsev nyob rau hauv Sydney.
Keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub USSR
Qhov kev sib tw futuristic hauv txhua ceg ntawm kev kos duab tau mus txog nws qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej kev hloov pauv ntawm Russia, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv 20s thiab 30s thaum ntxov. Futurism zoo li tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub xeev tshiab - cov neeg txais tos lub kiv puag ncig xav rhuav tshem tag nrho cov hauv paus, cheb cov qub kev cai thiab pib lub neej ntawm nplooj tshiab. Lub Soviet Union tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los ua tus tswv ntawm thawj lub tsev futuristic hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis, alas, Stalin, uas tau los rau lub hwj chim, nyiam lwm yam architectural style, uas tom qab ntawd tau txais ib nrab lub npe "Stalin's Rococo". Thiab tom qab ua tsov ua rog, thaum nws tau tig tawm tias tus tsim tseem ceeb ntawm futurism, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, yog ib tug adherent ntawm Italian fascism, cov kev taw qhia tau txais kev txwv nruj.
Piv txwv hauv tsev architecture
Thawj lub tsev nrog kev siv futurism hauv architecture ntawm USSR tau tsim tom qab 60s, zoo li hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thaum muaj kev txaus siab rau qhov chaw ya mus. Thiab txawm hais tias Soviet Union tsis yog thawj zaug hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, tsis ntev nws tau dhau los ua tus nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv zoo li no - yuav luag txhua lub tsev qiv ntawv, kab lis kev cai, chaw ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas, tshav dav hlau.thiab chaw ntau pob los ntawm 60s mus rau 80s tau tsim nyob rau hauv futuristic style. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm Soviet futurism nyob rau hauv architecture yog lub tsev ntawm lub npe nrov Moscow Art Theatre nyob rau hauv Moscow, ua nyob rau hauv 1973, lub Druzhba lub tsev ntawm lub Y alta sanatorium Kurpaty, ua nyob rau hauv 1984, thiab lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub Ministry ntawm Highways ntawm Georgian SSR., tsim xyoo 1975.
Ntaus futurist architects
Ib qho ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam futurist tshaj plaws yog Brazilian Oscar Niemeyer, ib qho kev kawm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov style hauv xyoo 20s thiab ib qho ntawm nws cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv 60s. Nws yog tus tswv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj saum toj no hauv Brasilia, nrog rau "Copan" - lub tsev nyob hauv futuristic hauv Sao Paulo (1951), Palace ntawm National Congress thiab tsoom fwv Palace hauv Brasilia (ob leeg 1960), Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj hnub nimno. Kev kos duab hauv Rio de Janeiro (1996).
Lwm tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws yog Dane Jorn Watson, tus sau ntawm Sydney Opera House project. Ntxiv rau lub tuam tsev nto moo hauv ntiaj teb no, Watson tau tsim lub Tuam Tsev Dej hauv Swanek (1952) thiab National Assembly hauv Kuwait (1982).
Moshe Safdie, ib tug neeg Israeli-yug Canadian thiab Asmeskas tus kws kos duab, tau tsim ntau tshaj tsib caug lub tsev futuristic sib txawv. Nws lub tswv yim yog nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov thaj chaw nyob hauv Montreal Habitat 67 (1967), uas tau los ua lub hauv paus rau ntau lub tsev zoo sib xws hauv ntau lub teb chaws, lub tsev futuristic. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts, Montreal (1991) thiab Marina Bay Sands Hotel, Singapore (2010).
Futurist architects hauv USSR
Lavxias cov kws tsim qauv cog lus rau futurism hauv architecture, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, yuav tsum suav nrog Mikhail Posokhin, tus sau cov haujlwm ntawm Kremlin Palace of Congresses (1961), cov tsev ntawm Northern Chertanov (1975) thiab Olimpiysky Sports. Complex (1977).
Lwm tus kws kos duab nto moo Soviet - Dmitry Burdin thiab Leonid Batalov - sib koom tsim lub ntiaj teb nto moo Ostankino TV Ntauwd (1967) thiab Moscow Air Terminal (1964). Tsis tas li ntawd, Dmitry Burdin ua tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub tsev so futuristic complex Izmailovo (1980).
Modern futurism hauv architecture
Nrog rau kev loj hlob niaj hnub thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov teb chaws xws li United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Tuam Tshoj, Azerbaijan, futuristic style tau rov ua dua, lub sijhawm no tshaj tawm tag nrho lub nroog. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj yog tag nrho cov tsev nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Riyadh, lub peev ntawm Saudi Arabia.
Lub tsev so Burj Al Arab (lus txhais ua "Arab Tower"), ua hauv UAE lub nroog Dubai xyoo 1999, kuj hais txog futurism hauv architecture. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Dubai, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb Wave Tower thiab ib tug tag nrho series ntawm futuristic skyscrapers.
Hauv xyoo 2007, "Manifesto of the Neo-Futuristic State" tau luam tawm, uas tau muab lub zog rau kev txhawb siab ntawm cov qauv no. Kev ceev thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws saum toj no hloov lawv mus rau hauv tiag tiag "lub nroog ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej" nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau feem coob ntawm cov architectural kab lig kev cai ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua "Lub Ntiaj Teb Qub", ua ntej lub ntiaj teb no ultra-modern, cog lus rau futurism. hauv architecture, zoo li ib nrab xyoo dhau los.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas kos tib neeg txoj kev xav? Kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xav ntawm daim ntawv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag qhia, cov duab kos thiab cov lus qhia ib ntus
Ib daim duab ua tiav tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib txoj haujlwm uas zoo li yuav tshwm sim. Ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug neeg yog ua ciaj sia los ntawm cov kev xav uas tshwm sim rau nws. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog nyuaj rau kos cov kev xav li nws zoo nkaus li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Cov kev xav uas koj kos rau ntawm daim ntawv yuav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm tus neeg uas nws portrait koj depicting
Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus tshiab "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita" Bosoy Nikanor Ivanovich: piav qhia ntawm daim duab, yam ntxwv thiab duab
Hais txog yuav ua li cas tus tshiab "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita" tau tsim, uas tus hero hu ua Bosoy Nikanor Ivanovich nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no, thiab leej twg ua raws li nws tus qauv, nyeem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no
Perov, cov duab "Hunters ntawm so": keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, kev piav qhia ntawm daim ntaub thiab me ntsis txog tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej
Vasily Grigoryevich Perov tsim ntau cov duab zoo nkauj. Ntawm lawv yog cov painting "Hunters ntawm So". Txawm hais tias tus kws kos duab tau pleev xim rau nws thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov neeg paub txog kev kos duab tseem zoo siab los saib ntawm daim ntaub, uas qhia txog tib neeg tiag tiag, lawv lub ntsej muag qhia thiab taw qhia
Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov duab nto moo los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam: yuav ua li cas thiab qhov twg lawv tsim, cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev thov rau kev luam tawm
Ntau zaus hauv ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm cov tsev cia puav pheej, koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab kos duab nto moo los ntawm cov kws kos duab. Nws zoo nkaus li tias nws tsis yooj yim ua rau lawv, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj lub koob yees duab thiab cov khoom siv tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov teeb meem; txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, yuav tsum muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb, nrog rau qee qhov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse. Nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv kom meej ntau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas luam cov paintings thiab yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau rau qhov no
Lub guitar zoo rau cov neeg pib tshiab: hom thiab hom, kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, yam ntxwv, xaiv cov cai, daim ntawv thov nta thiab cov cai ntawm kev ua si
Tus khub tsis tu ncua ntawm lub tuam txhab zoo siab rau kev taug kev thiab ntawm ob tog, guitar tau ntev heev. Ib yav tsaus ntuj los ntawm hluav taws, nrog rau lub suab enchanting, hloov mus rau hauv ib qho kev lom zem taug txuj kev nyuaj. Ib tug neeg uas paub txog kev kos duab ntawm kev ua si guitar yooj yim dhau los ua tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub tuam txhab. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tab tom siv zog ua kom paub txog kev kos duab plucking cov hlua
