Trombone, suab paj nruag: duab, piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zoo li lwm cov twj paj nruag symphony orchestra, lub trombone yog ib lub suab paj nruag nrog lub suab tshwj xeeb thiab keeb kwm nthuav. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab tag nrho ntawm symphony orchestra thiab jazz bands, tab sis xws li lub hom phiaj dav tsis yog ib txwm - nws tau ua ntej los ntawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm daim ntawv thov nqaim thiab kev txhim kho txuj ci.

Keeb Kwm

Txhais los ntawm Italian thiab Fabkis "trombone" - lub suab raj lossis lub yeeb nkab loj. Lub npe "trombone" pib siv nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Lawv xaiv lub cuab yeej tooj dag nrog lub tis, uas tso cai rau koj ua kom lub suab ntawm lub ntsuas qis qis thiab booming.

Tus thawj ntawm lub suab paj nruag trombone nyob rau hauv Renaissance thiab Baroque references yog lub sakbut. Ob lub ntsiab lus tau siv los ua cov lus siv tau ntev, tab sis tom qab xyoo pua 17th, lo lus "trombone" raug kho thiab hloov tag nrho lwm tus.

Timbre and Description

Lub trombone zoo li cas? Cov twj paj nruag, cov lus piav qhia uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, tsis tau hloov ntau heev txij li lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws yog ob-khoov yeeb nkab nrog ib qho txuas txuas. Nws kawg hla mus rau hauv lub khob hliav qab. Qhov ntev ntawm lub raj yog peb meters, txoj kab uas hla yog 1.5 cm. Lub qhov ncauj yog yuav tsum tau rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej cua - lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub trombone yog loj, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug round lub tais.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab, lub suab paj nruag trombone stands noticeably. Tsis zoo li lwm yam khoom siv tooj dag, lub trombone yog cov txuj ci ntau dua, tso cai rau koj txav mus los ntawm kev ceeb toom, ua chromaticisms, nrog rau glissando.

Muaj soprano, alto, tenor, bass, contrabass ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej. Qhov feem ntau siv tenor trombone.

Qhov ntau ntawm qhov ntsuas yog los ntawm G (G) ntawm counteroctave rau F (F) ntawm lub thib ob octave.

Nws cov ntoo qis, muaj suab npe thiab nyob twj ywm, suab sib txawv hauv cov npe siab thiab qis. Nyob rau sab saum toj nws muaj ib tug ci ntsa iab thiab ci ntsa iab ntoo, nyob rau hauv qab nws yog gloomy thiab formidable. Ua tsaug rau nws cov khoom zoo, lub trombone tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag ntseeg siab los ntawm solo qhov chaw thiab tag nrho cov haujlwm.

Pickup mechanism

Lub ci ntsa iab, caw lub suab ntawm lub trombone thiab nws cov peev txheej yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov qauv. Tsis zoo li lwm yam khoom siv tooj dag, lub trombone muaj lub nraub qaum - ib qho elongated U-puab daim uas yog ib feem ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Ua tsaug rau nws, trombone tau txais cov peev txheej kev txawj ntse ntxiv - nws nthuav ntau lub suab, tso cai rau koj yooj yim swb los ntawm kev ceeb toom (glissando).

Kev hloov mus rau qhov thib plaub thiab thib tsib yog ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm lub quarter valve thiab lub thib tsib valve, qhov muaj peev xwm no tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm trombone.

Zoo li lwm yam khoom siv tooj dag, thaum ua siib lub trombone tuaj yeem siv nrog lub suab nrov (muab lub suab).

Bible Echoes

Kev siv cov kav dej loj muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv qub. Cov suab nrov nrov nrov nrog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb thiab tau muab los ntawm cov tim tswv thiab cov tubtxib saum ntuj. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm phau Vajluskub thiab suab paj nruag ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd ntseeg tias qhov cuab yeej no, hatzotsra, yog cov cuab yeej cua qub, tsis zoo li lub trumpet niaj hnub thiab trombone, tab sis tsis muaj tis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog lub suab ntawm trombone hauv ntau yam haujlwm uas txhais tau hais tias Vajtswv lub suab, lub teeb liab rau qhov pib ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Kawg.

keeb kwm yav dhau los

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub suab paj nruag pob zeb twb pom nyob rau hauv Antiquity. Isidore thiab Virgil taw tes rau cov yeeb nkab tshwj xeeb zawv zawg (tuba ductills), lub suab hloov pauv nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov txav. Nws kuj tseem paub hais tias thaum lub sij hawm excavations ntawm Roman Pompeii nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, ob lub trombones tau pom, tab sis cov cim ntawm cov nrhiav tau ntau reminiscent ntawm ib tug dab neeg ntau dua ib tug fait accompli.

Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau ntseeg tias cov trombones thaum ub tsis yog ntawv tseeb, tab sis ib tus tuaj yeem kwv yees txog lawv qhov tsos thiab lub suab.

Thawj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov duab ntawm trombone hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 15th. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis muaj ib lub npe rau lub ntsuas: sacbut (Fabkis "sacquer" - rub thiab "bouter" - thawb), posaunen (Lus Askiv), tuba ductili (Italian) tau hais nrog trombone. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog sib npaug zos rau ntau qhov chaw.

Qhov nrov ntawm lub trombone nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th yog heev siab - nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj kev pab cuam, ua ib feem ntawm secular ensembles thiab ib tug solo instrument. Nws raug tso cai siv rau hauv kev ua koob tsheej solemn thiab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Txhim kho hauv suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai

Qhov chaw yug ntawm lub suab paj nruag trombone yog suav tias yog lub teb chaws Yelemees lossis Ltalis. Thawj craftsmen uas ua nyiaj trombones rau cov vaj ntxwv tsev hais plaub kuj nyob ntawm no.

In the XVII-XVIII centuries. lub trombone tau txuam nrog cov suab paj nruag yav dhau los. Tseem tshuav ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam thiab solo, nws sawv sib nrug thiab tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub orchestras. Qhov no tsis tiv thaiv ntau tus neeg sau los ntawm kev tsim cov haujlwm rau lub cuab yeej no.

Feem ntau, thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm trombone timbre yog lub tsev teev ntuj suab paj nruag: nws nrog los yog cov suab hu nkauj duplicated, lub siab sau npe siv rau qhov no.

Cov suab paj nruag classical symphony orchestra tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 18th los ntawm J. Haydn tsis suav nrog trombone. Thaj, qhov ntsuas no tau pom tias yog qhov qub thiab tseem ceeb heev hauv lub suab sib haum xeeb ntawm tutti. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tsis tau yog lub sijhawm rau nws txoj kev txhim kho.

Hauv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, txawm li cas los xij, lub trombone tau siv rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag. Nws lub suab tau ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm KW Gluck, thiab W. A. Mozart muab nws lub luag haujlwm txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai hauv kev ua yeeb yam Don Giovanni thiab Requiem.

Trombone hauv symphonyOrchestra

Kev taw qhia ntawm trombone ua ib lub suab paj nruag rau hauv symphony orchestra tau tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum tig ntawm 18th-19th centuries. los ntawm L. V. Beethoven. G. Berlioz thawj zaug tau tso siab rau nws nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws solo hauv suab paj nruag symphonic, xaiv nws ua ib lub suab nrov thiab majestic. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub orchestra, raws li txoj cai, ob los yog peb trombones yog siv (ob tenor thiab bass). Lub orchestras ntawm R. Wagner, P. I. Tchaikovsky, G. Mahler, J. Brahms yog inconceivable yam tsis muaj lub sonorous thiab caw timbre ntawm lub trombone, qhov twg nws lub suab yog txuam nrog rau tuag thiab formidable rog.

Hauv symphonic suab paj nruag ntawm P. I. Tchaikovsky, lub suab ntawm lub trombone cim cov duab ntawm Pob Zeb, Providence. Rau R. Wagner, lub trombone, nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv tooj dag, cim lub zog thiab lub zog tsis muaj zog, cov duab ntawm Pob Zeb. R. Wagner siv cov ntawv sau npe sab saud los qhia txog kev hlub (“Tristan thiab Isolde”). Qhov txawv txav semantic no tau txuas ntxiv hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.

Nrog rau kev txaus siab ntxiv hauv trombone hauv xyoo pua 19th, kev siv glissando tseem raug txwv, uas tau pib siv los ntawm cov classics ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - A. Schoenberg thiab I. Glazunov.

Trombone hauv Jazz

Jazz trombone yog lub luag haujlwm tshiab ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Nws pib nrog lub sijhawm ntawm Dixieland - ib qho ntawm thawj kev txav ntawm jazz suab paj nruag. Ntawm no, thawj zaug, qhov cuab yeej no yog perceived as solo improvising, tsim ib tug counter-melody thiab txawj ua si nws. Lub npe nrov jazz trombonists - Glenn Miller, Myth Mole, Edward Kid Ory, tsimtus kheej style ntawm kev ua si. Ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv glissando ntawm trombone. Nws tsim lub suab tshwj xeeb ntawm 1920s Dixieland. XX caug xyoo. Ua tsaug rau jazz trombonists, jazz style yog txuam nrog tooj dag.

Trombone kuj suab hauv Latin American suab paj nruag - qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ncig ua si jazz, qhov twg lub trombone yog cov twj paj nruag solo.

Ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm trombone muaj ntau yam - los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag classic rau suab hauv jazz, pob zeb thiab lwm yam. Kev siv cov cuab yeej no tau dhau los ua qhov muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav dav, thiab qhov chaw ntawm trombonist nyob rau hauv ib lub orchestra los yog ib pab pawg neeg tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.