Kinetic architecture: hom, cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, piv txwv, architects

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Kinetic architecture yog ib qho kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb uas suav nrog kev tsim cov tsev hauv txoj hauv kev uas lawv cov khoom tuaj yeem txav mus rau ib leeg yam tsis cuam tshuam tag nrho kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv. Qhov kev pom no tseem hu ua dynamic, thiab nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Kev txav mus los ntawm lub tsev tsim qauv tuaj yeem siv theoretically siv los txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj, teb rau ib puag ncig cuam tshuam, thiab ua cov haujlwm uas yav dhau los tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev nrog cov qauv qauv. Cov kev xaiv rau kev siv ncaj qha ntawm hom kev tsim vaj tsev no tau nce ntau heev thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Qhov kev ua tiav tshiab kawg hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm electronics, mechanics, thiab robotics ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv qhov no.

History of direction

Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kinetic architecture tau siv thaum ntxov li Nrab Hnub nyoog. Piv txwv li, cov no yog drawbridges. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem tau pib kev sib tham loj ntawm architects. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txav mus los thiab ib feem ntawm cov tsev uas tseem nyob saum av.

Lub tswv yim hais tias kinetic architecture yog lub tsev ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tau qhia nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub xyoo pua 20th ua tsaug rau Futurist zog. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov phau ntawv thiab monographs pib tshwm nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, nyob rau hauv uas cov duab kos thiab cov phiaj xwm rau kev txav ntawm lub tsev tau nthuav dav. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov no yog phau ntawv los ntawm Soviet kws kes duab vajtse Yakov Chernikhov, uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1931.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th no hom kev tsim vaj tsev yog qhov theoretical nkaus xwb. Nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1940 uas cov neeg tsim kho tshiab tau txiav txim siab rau qhov kev sim ua tau zoo. Txawm hais tias nws tsim nyog lees paub tias lawv qhov kev sim thawj zaug hauv qhov kev taw qhia no feem ntau ua tsis tiav. Ntawm cov pioneer practitioners uas pib siv lub hauv paus ntawm kinetic architecture yog, piv txwv li, American Richard Fuller.

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, civil engineer William Zook tau tshoov siab ib tiam neeg tshiab ntawm cov kws tsim qauv hluas los tsim ntau yam kev hloov tsev. Vim muaj cov kev xav tshiab, suav nrog kev txhim kho ntawm Fuller txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tensegrity thiab nws txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg hlau, hloov cov tsev pib tshwm thoob ntiaj teb txij li xyoo 80s.

Hauv xyoo 1989, Leonidas Mejia tau tsim lub tswv yim hauv cheeb tsam no, tsom rau cov qauv txawb. Mejia qhov kev sim ua haujlwm tau pib sai sai, nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv mus.

Views

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, ntau hom kinetic architecture tau tsim nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Wb tham txogtxhua tus.

1. Cov kws tshaj lij xa mus rau thawj hom ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Feem ntau yog choj. Tsuas yog qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem nce siab hauv lawv kom muaj cov nkoj loj tuaj yeem caij nkoj thaum lub sijhawm navigation. Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm hom no muaj xws li chaw ntau pob hauv UK - Wembley hauv London, Millennium hauv Cardiff - uas tau nruab nrog lub ru tsev retractable. Lub Veltins Arena chaw ua si hauv Gelsenkirchen hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj tus qauv tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj qhov chaw thim rov qab.
2. Qhov kev xaiv tom ntej yog hom transformers. Lawv muaj lub ntsej muag ntxim nyiam thiab muaj peev xwm hloov lawv cov duab tib lub sijhawm. Ib qho piv txwv classic yog Burke Brise soleil ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Milwaukee Art Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Asmeskas, uas zoo li tus noog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas, ntxiv rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj, nws kuj muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo, vim nws tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm huab cua tsis zoo thiab lub hnub ci ntsa iab.
3. Qhov thib peb ntawm kinetic architecture yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yav dhau los uas qhov kev txav mus ncaj qha rau ntawm lub tsev. Ib qho piv txwv zoo yog lub koom haum Arab World hauv Fab Kis lub peev. Lub tsev no muaj cov hlau kaw uas ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub diaphragm, uas yog, qhov khoob tuaj yeem nqaim lossis nthuav dav nyob ntawm lub hnub ci.
4. Thaum kawg, hom kawg ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub nrog lub ntsiab lus ib puag ncig. Cov tsev zoo li no tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog cua los muab lawv tus kheej nrog lub zog tsim nyog. Ib qho piv txwvtuaj yeem ua lub skyscraper los ntawm Italian kws kes duab vajtse David Fisher. Los ntawm tig cov plag tsev nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv cov axis, cov turbines nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov plag tsev ntes cua, hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob.

Peculiarities ntawm kev loj hlob hauv Russia

Nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws niaj hnub no, kinetic architecture yog tsim los tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias tsuas yog domestic architects yog cov thawj uas sim lawv tus kheej hauv cheeb tsam no, sim coj mus rau lub neej "architecture ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej". Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1920, Vladimir Tatlin tsim ib tug qauv ntawm tus pej thuam ntawm lub thib peb International. Nws yuav tsum tau ua ib yam cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab. Vim yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, daim ntawv, nrog rau cov khoom siv - iav, hlau, hlau, hlau.

Tus pej thuam tau xeeb los ntawm Tatlin nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kauv, uas yuav tsum twist, nce mus rau qhov siab ntawm txog 400 meters. Nws lub ntsiab txawv feature yuav tsum yog rotating geometric qauv. Thawj yog yuav tsum yog lub voos xwmfab uas yuav tig 360 degree hauv ib xyoos. Lub khob hliav qab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov nruab nrab (nws yuav tig ib ncig hauv ib hlis). Nyob rau sab saum toj, muaj ib qho chaw rau lub tog raj kheej uas yuav ua rau lub kiv puag ncig txhua hnub. Qhov project no yeej tsis tau pom dua.

Tam sim no hauv tebchaws Russia tsuas yog thawj hom kev tsim vaj tsev no tab tom cog qoob loo, cov tsev ua haujlwm tau tsim. Cov no suav nrog cov chaw ntau pob nrog cov pitches retractable thiab ru tsev, nrog rau drawbridges. Lwm qhov chaw yuav tsis sawv cev kiag li.

Tus thawj coj ntawm Soviet avant-garde

Konstantin Melnikov -ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv domestic architects uas tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm no hom ntawm architecture. Thaum 20-30s, nws yog ib tug thawj coj ntawm avant-garde txav.

Konstantin Melnikov yug hauv Moscow hauv xyoo 1890. Nws tau txais nws txoj kev kawm thaum ntxov ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv parochial. Xyoo 1904, nws dhau qhov kev xeem hauv kev kos duab hauv Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Sculpture thiab Architecture, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem xeem dhau Lavxias.

Rau ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws mob siab kawm nrog cov kws qhia hauv tsev, uas tau muab rau nws los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshaj lij Vladimir Chaplin, uas tau txhawb nqa cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txuj ci. Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev xeem rau xyoo tom ntej, nws kawm tag nrho 12 xyoo, dhau los ua tus kawm tiav hauv chav haujlwm ntawm painting thiab architecture. Tus kawg nws kawm tiav xyoo 1917.

Tus kws kes duab vajtse Melnikov tau tshaj tawm nws tus kheej hauv xyoo 1924. Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tw rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub peev ceg ntawm Leningradskaya Pravda. Thaum xub thawj, thaj chaw tsev me me, yog li nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim nws. Qhov project nthuav tawm los ntawm Melnikov yog ib lub tsev 5-storey, nrog plaub pem teb nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum tig ib ncig ntawm nws axis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cores ruaj nrog ib tug of elevator, ntaiv thiab kev sib txuas lus. Tus kws kes duab vajtse hais tias nws yog lub tsev nyob.

Nws tsis yeej qhov kev sib tw, tab sis nws tsis tso nws txoj kev loj hlob. Tsib xyoos tom qab, nws tsim ib qhov project rau lub monument rau Columbus. Nws tshwm sim rau nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob lub cones. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub khob hliav qab sab saud yog kab noj hniav rau sau cov dej, nrog rau lub turbine uas tsim hluav taws xob. tis ntawm ob sabyuav tsum tau pleev xim rau hauv cov xim sib txawv. Vim li no, lub monument yeej ib txwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv xim thaum tsiv.

Ib zaug ntxiv, Melnikov tau siv lub zog tiag tiag ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev thaum tsim cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Kev Lag Luam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Karetny Ryad Street. Nws theem tuaj yeem tig kab rov tav.

Tam sim no, qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Melnikov yog Makhorka pavilion, uas tau nthuav tawm xyoo 1923 ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua thiab kev lag luam. Nws yog ib qho piv txwv thawj ntawm Soviet avant-garde architecture.

Theorist

Y Yakov Chernikhov tau ua haujlwm zoo rau kev txhim kho theoretical hauv paus rau qhov sib txawv hauv architecture. Nws yug hauv Pavlograd xyoo 1889. Xyoo 1914 nws kawm tiav hauv Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv Odessa.

Tom qab ntawd Chernikhov tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov chaw uas nws kawm paub cov hauv paus ntawm painting thiab architecture nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm Leonty Benois. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Academy, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov tsev.

Nyob rau xyoo 1927, hauv Leningrad, nws tau tsim ib lub chaw soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb rau cov duab kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv architectural. Tsis ntev, qhov kev sim no tau dhau los ua nws tus kheej lub rooj cob qhia muaj tswv yim, uas nws, nrog rau cov npoj yaig thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsim thiab sim.

Nyob rau xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s Chernikhov tau nto moo rau cov ntawv hu ua architectural fantasies. Cov no yog cov haujlwm hu ua "Fundamentals of Modern Architecture", "Designs of architectural andtshuab cov ntaub ntawv", "Architectural fantasies. 101 muaj pes tsawg leeg". lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau lub tsev hu ua architectural fantasies.

Nyob rau xyoo 1930 thiab 1940, Chernikhov tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov duab kos duab, suav nrog cov haujlwm "Architure of the Future", "Palaces of Communism", "Architectural Ensembles". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tom qab lub yeej ntawm constructivism, nws style tau raug thuam hnyav, raws li ib tug tshiab mus kom ze rau architecture tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1951 Chernikhov tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 61.

Fabkis txoj kab

Lwm tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm qhov qauv no hauv kev tsim qauv yog Fab Kis Fab Kis Jean Nouvel, tus yeej ntawm Pritzker nqi zog, uas nws tau txais xyoo 2008.

Nws yug hauv 1945, kawm ntawm Ecole des Beaux-Arts hauv Bordeaux, tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv Paris ntawm cov nyiaj pabcuam nws yeej. Nws qhib thawj architectural bureau nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm nrog ib tug phooj ywg thiab zoo-siab tus neeg, Francois Senior, thaum nws yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv. suav hais tias yog ib tus tsim hauv architecture ntawm kev txav xws li "Architecture Syndicate" thiab "Mars 1976".

Qhov kev ua tiav tiag tiag hauv nws txoj haujlwm tau los thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev ntawm Arab World Institute, uas tau qhib rau xyoo 1987. Qhov project no muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau pej xeemQhov tseem ceeb ntawm nom tswv, dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev koom tes ntawm Fabkis thiab 22 lub xeev Arab.

Lub tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv Latin Quarter ze ntawm Seine. Qhov chaw no nyob rau yav dhau los muaj tsev nyob Parisian wine yard thiab Abbey ntawm Saint-Victor. Sab qab teb façade yog nthuav kom zoo nkauj, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug style uas sib tov niaj hnub siv tshuab nrog tsoos ornaments. Tom qab lub iav phab ntsa koj tuaj yeem pom cov hlau mashrabiya. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus classic ntawm Arabic architecture, uas yog cov qauv ntoo lattice uas npog sab nraud, balconies lossis qhov rais. Lawv kuj tau siv los ua kev faib hauv cov tsev lossis cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Hauv qhov no, mashrabiya ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub diaphragm. Nws pib nqaim cia li tso rau hauv lub teeb hauv tshav ntuj.

Lub tsev no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kinetic architecture. Ntawm lwm cov haujlwm ntawm tus tswv, tus tsim ntawm Opera House hauv Lyon, Torre Agbar Ntauwd hauv Barcelona, reconstruction ntawm Guggenheim Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab Reina Sofia Tsev khaws puav pheej yuav tsum raug sau tseg.

Nws tau sau tseg tias Jean Nouvel yog tus kws tsim khoom siv ntau yam uas paub sib xyaw cov khoom, xim thiab qhov chaw. Nws cov style sawv tawm tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm nws cov tswv yim daws teeb meem, tab sis kuj rau txoj kev ib qho ntawm nws lub tsev tuaj yeem haum rau cov toj roob hauv pes ib puag ncig. Nouvel nws tus kheej lees paub tias nws raug coj los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm kev nrhiav cov txuas uas ploj lawm, sim tso cov tsev nyob hauv qhov chaw.

David Fisher

David Fisher yog lwm qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm dynamic architecture. Qhov no yog qhov ntau tseem hu ua qhov kev taw qhia no vim yog kev txav mus los ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau.

Fischer yug hauv xyoo 1949. Nws yog Italian ntawm Israeli keeb kwm. Thaum 21, nws tawm hauv Tel Aviv mus rau Florence mus kawm architecture.

Fischer tam sim no tsim cov chaw hauv nroog thiab cov tsev nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, kho dua qub monuments ntawm architecture. Nws tsim ib tug series ntawm rotating yees, uas nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau los ua lub ntsiab feature ntawm kinetic architecture nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws kuj koom nrog kev tsim kho thiab tsim cov haujlwm hauv tsev so. Nws yog Fisher uas tau tsim thiab ua tus Dynamic Architecture Group.

Ib qho ntawm nws qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub tsev hloov pauv hauv lub peev ntawm United Arab Emirates. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nws txoj haujlwm tau ua raws li ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Thawj yog dynamism, thaum tsim peb-dimensional pib organically cuam tshuam nrog lub thib plaub dimension - lub sij hawm. Thiab qhov thib ob yog txoj hauv kev tsim khoom uas siv ntau yam khoom siv ua ntej.

Fischer nws tus kheej sau tseg tias cov tsev muaj zog yuav dhau los ua ib theem tshiab hauv kev txhim kho lub ntiaj teb architecture. Qhov no yog ib lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb uas hloov qhov zoo li niaj hnub zoo li ntawm ntau lub nroog. Lub tsev nyob, ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv kev txav, yog ib qho kev sib tw rau cov architecture uas paub txog txhua tus, uas yog Ameslikas raws li lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.

Rotating Towers

Piv txwv li, qhov kev hloov lub tsev nyob hauv Dubai muaj 80 pem teb. Nws yog assumed tiasthawj 20 pem teb yuav tsev chaw ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov tuam txhab, pem teb 20-35 yuav qhib lub tsev so rau lub hnub qub chic. Pem teb ntawm 35 mus rau 70 yuav muab rau cov chav tsev txog li 1,200 square meters, thiab cov villas khoom kim heev yuav tshwm sim rau kaum kawg. Nws paub tias tsoomfwv hauv tebchaws United Arab Emirates txhawb nqa Fisher lub tswv yim thiab txawm tias tau nyiaj txiag los tsim lub elevator tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev nyob hauv hluav taws xob, uas yuav teb rau kev txav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub qhov muag. Nws yog xav tias lub tsev yuav muab nws tus kheej nrog lub zog, tau txais los ntawm cua thiab lub hnub vim photovoltaic panels ntawm lub ru tsev thiab cua turbines. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias yuav muaj lub zog ntau dua li qhov xav tau los muab tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tsev no. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav raug muag. Keeb kwm daws teeb meem acoustic vim cov duab thiab niaj hnub tsim ntawm carbon fiber propellers.

Kev tsim kho lub tsev hloov yog npaj los ntawm Fischer hauv Moscow ib yam nkaus. Nws tau npaj tias nws yuav yog 70-storey skyscraper nrog qhov siab txog 400 meters. Nws tag nrho cheeb tsam yuav nyob txog 110 txhiab square meters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsis tig ntawm lub hauv paus; cov chaw lag luam yuav muab tso rau ntawd, tshwj xeeb, rau cov chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv pem teb rotating, cov chav tsev rau cov pej xeem nplua nuj yuav raug npaj. Geographically, nws yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub thib peb thauj nplhaib nyob ze Moscow City.

Tensegrity

Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias lub tswv yim ntawm tensegrity yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm transformer vaj tse, uas tsim ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm architecture. Lo lus no tau tsim los ntawm AsmeskasTus kws kes duab vajtse thiab kws tshawb fawb Richard Buckminster Fuller.

Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsim ntawm cable-thiab-rod-raws li cov cables ua haujlwm nruj thiab cov pas nrig ua haujlwm hauv compression. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov pas nrig tsis txhob kov ib leeg, tab sis dai rau hauv qhov chaw. Lawv cov txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm yog tsau los ntawm stretched cables. Vim li no, tsis muaj leej twg ua haujlwm khoov.

Cov qauv tsim tau txais lub peev xwm los siv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tswv cuab ua haujlwm hauv compression nrog cov tswv cuab sib xyaw ua haujlwm hauv kev nruj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas txhua lub caij ua haujlwm nrog kev lag luam siab tshaj plaws thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Tam sim no, lub tswv yim ntawm tensegrity kuj tseem siv hauv kev tshawb fawb lom neeg los piav qhia cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv hlwb. Nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam niaj hnub ceg ntawm kev paub. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim, cov qauv ntawm textile fabrics, ensemble music, kev kawm ntawm kev sib raug zoo qauv, geodesy.

A npau suav ntawm futurists

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ntau thiab ntau qhov kev xaiv siv tau los siv cov ntsiab lus kinetic hauv cov tsev tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, npau suav ntawm futurologists yog lub tsev uas tuaj yeem nkaum thaum lub caij cua daj cua dub.

Qhov teeb meem no tau ntsib ntev los ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev uas xav paub yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Ib qho ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm tshiab tshaj plaws yog lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev uas yuav tsis ntshai txawm tias cua daj cua dub tuaj yeem cheb txhua yam hauv nws txoj kev. Cov kws sau ntawv ntaus nqi lawv qhov project tshwj xeeb rau kinetic architecture, paub tseeb tias nws muaj lub neej yav tom ntej zoo. Hauv plawv ntawm lub tswvyim nolus dag lub siab lub ntsws, uas, thaum muaj kev phom sij, nkaum hauv tsev, qhov no hauv lub plhaub.

Lub tsev muaj ntau qhov zoo nkauj, qee qhov muab faus rau hauv av. Ib qho ntawm cov voluminous feem ntau yog muab tso rau ntawm lub console hydraulic thiab, zoo li nws tau, ntab saum huab cua. Sab nrauv cladding muaj cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem qhib lossis txav tau yog tias tsim nyog. Cov khoom siv rau cov cocoon yog lub vaj huam sib luag sandwich, sab nrauv thiab sab hauv uas yog ua los ntawm Kevlar, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog ib txheej pob tshab.

Ntawm sab nraud ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog mounted photovoltaic cells uas xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov av noo, kub, cua kev taw qhia hloov, atmospheric siab. Ua tiav tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, processor teeb tsa kev kwv yees. Yog tias nws hloov mus ua qhov tsis zoo, piv txwv li, muaj peev xwm ntawm cua daj cua dub, lub kaw lus ceeb toom xwm txheej pib ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd, cov tswv pib lub tshuab xa cov tsev nyob hauv av, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj dej noo tiv thaiv los ntawm saum toj no.

qhov project no tseem tab tom tham txog. Nws cov neeg thuam tau taw qhia tias qhov hloov pauv zoo li tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim lub tsev tseem yuav nyob hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv lub tswv yim zoo li no hauv kev xyaum yuav yog qhov tsis tsim nyog thiab yuav tsis tuaj yeem rov qab cov nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau tus lees paub tias lub tswv yim nthuav dav, tab sis yuav tsum tau txhim kho.