Hnub Nyoog Painting (luv luv)
Hnub Nyoog Painting (luv luv)

Video: Hnub Nyoog Painting (luv luv)

Video: Hnub Nyoog Painting (luv luv)
Video: Thomas Gainsborough: A collection of 500 paintings (HD) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab feem ntau tau piav qhia tias tsaus ntuj thiab tsaus muag. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev ntseeg kev tsov kev rog, kev ua ntawm Inquisition, cov tshuaj tsis tau tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab tau tso ntau cov kab lis kev cai monuments tsim nyog qhuas rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Architecture thiab sculpture tsis nyob twj ywm: absorbing cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm, lawv tau nce mus rau tshiab style thiab tiam sis. Nrog rau lawv relentlessly mus painting ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog nws.

Kev sib raug zoo

medieval painting
medieval painting

Los ntawm 11th mus rau 12th caug xyoo, Romanesque style dominated tag nrho cov European kos duab. Nws tau txais nws lub ntsiab lus qhia hauv architecture. Lub tuam tsev ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm peb-, tsis tshua muaj tsib-nave qauv ntawm lub basilica, nqaim qhov rais uas tsis muab ntau lub teeb. Feem ntau cov architecture ntawm lub sij hawm no hu ua gloomy. Lub Romanesque style nyob rau hauv painting ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog kuj txawv los ntawm qee qhov hnyav. Yuav luag tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai kos duab tau mob siab rau cov ntsiab lus kev cai dab qhuas. Ntxiv mus, divine deeds twb depictednyob rau hauv ib tug heev formidable yam, ua raws li tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub sij hawm. Cov tswv tsis tau teeb tsa lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev xa cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee yam xwm txheej. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv txoj kev mloog yog lub ntsiab lus dawb ceev, yog li cov duab ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, luv luv nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim, distorting cov proportions thiab ratios rau qhov no.

Accents

Artists ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis paub qhov kev xav. Ntawm lawv cov canvases, cov cim nyob rau tib kab. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nrog kev nrawm nrawm, nws yooj yim to taub tias daim duab hauv daim duab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb hierarchy ntawm cov cim, cov masters ua rau qee qhov ntawm lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev loj hlob rau lwm tus. Yog li ntawd, Tswv Yexus lub cev yeej ib txwm nyob saum cov tubtxib saum ntuj, thiab lawv, dhau los, tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm tib neeg.

Romanesque style nyob rau hauv painting ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog
Romanesque style nyob rau hauv painting ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog

Cov txheej txheem no kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo: nws tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntau hauv kev piav qhia ib puag ncig thiab cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm yav dhau. Yog li ntawd, cov duab ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau them nyiaj rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, tsis muaj teeb meem los ntes cov theem nrab. Cov paintings yog ib hom tswvyim, conveying lub essence, tab sis tsis lub nuances.

Plots

Cov duab ntawm European Middle Ages hauv Romanesque style tau ua tiav nrog cov duab ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo heev thiab cov cim. Kev nyiam feem ntau tau muab rau cov phiaj xwm tsis txaus ntseeg qhia txog kev rau txim saum ntuj ceeb tsheej los yog kev ua phem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm tib neeg. Scenes los ntawm Apocalypse tau dhau los ua dav.

medieval painting
medieval painting

Kev hloov pauv

Zookos duab ntawm Romanesque lub sij hawm outgrew lub painting ntawm lub thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, thaum, nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm keeb kwm txheej xwm, ntau ntawm nws hom xyaum ploj mus thiab symbolism dominated. Frescoes thiab miniatures ntawm 11th-12th centuries, qhia lub primacy ntawm sab ntsuj plig tshaj cov ntaub ntawv, paving txoj kev rau kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm artistic tiam sis. Cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov duab kos duab tsaus ntuj ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws thiab tsis tu ncua barbarian raids mus rau ib tug tshiab qualitative theem uas originates nyob rau hauv lub Gothic era.

Kev hloov pauv zoo

Gothic painting ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog feem ntau tshuav nws qhov tsos rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ntseeg lub neej. Yog li ntawd, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, yuav luag tag nrho lub thaj tau ntxiv nrog ib lub thaj, uas muaj ob lossis peb daim duab kos duab thiab piav qhia cov xwm txheej ntawm vaj lug kub dawb huv. Kev tsim cov haujlwm zoo li no xav tau los ntawm tus tswv kom nkag siab tob txog nws lub luag haujlwm rau Vajtswv thiab cov neeg pe hawm Vajtswv, thiab tib lub sijhawm tau muab ntau qhov kev siv nws tus kheej cov txuj ci.

Qhov kev txiav txim loj zuj zus ntawm Franciscans kuj tau pab tsis ncaj rau kev txhim kho cov duab. Lub charter tau sau ib lub neej me me rau cov thwjtim, thiab yog li ntawd mosaics tsis haum rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj monasteries. Nws raug hloov los ntawm phab ntsa painting.

Tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev txiav txim, Francis ntawm Assisi, coj kev hloov pauv tsis yog rau lub neej kev ntseeg, tab sis kuj rau lub ntiaj teb saib ntawm tus txiv neej nruab nrab. Coj los ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev hlub rau lub neej hauv txhua qhov kev tshwm sim, cov kws ua yeeb yam tau pib nyiam ntau dua rau qhov tseeb. Ntawm kev kos duabcanvases tseem ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev cai dab qhuas pib tshwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej, sau ua tib zoo raws li cov cim tseem ceeb.

thaum ntxov medieval painting
thaum ntxov medieval painting

Italian Gothic

Kev pleev xim rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov neeg vam meej ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws tau txais ntau yam kev vam meej thaum ntxov. Ntawm no nyob thiab ua hauj lwm Cimabue thiab Duccio, ob tug founders ntawm pom realism, uas mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 20th tseem yog lub ntsiab sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub fine arts ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Lawv thaj chaw feem ntau piav txog Madonna thiab Me Nyuam.

gothic painting ntawm nruab nrab hnub nyoog
gothic painting ntawm nruab nrab hnub nyoog

Giotto di Bondone, uas nyob tom qab me ntsis, tau nto moo rau nws cov duab kos duab uas piav txog tib neeg ntiaj teb. Cov cim ntawm nws cov canvases zoo li ciaj sia. Giotto tau ua ntej ntawm lub sijhawm hauv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab tsuas yog tom qab ib ntus tau lees paub tias yog tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj.

Murals

Painting ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Romanesque tau enriched nrog cov txheej txheem tshiab. Masters pib pleev xim rau ntawm qhov tseem ntub plaster. Cov txheej txheem no tau cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov teeb meem: tus kws kos duab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm sai, sau cov khoom tawg tom qab tawg hauv cov chaw uas cov txheej txheem tseem ntub. Tab sis cov txheej txheem zoo li no ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo: cov xim, ntub rau hauv plaster, tsis tawg, ua kom ci dua thiab tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Kev xav

Painting ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog hauv Tebchaws Europe maj mam nce qhov tob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no tau ua los ntawm kev xav qhia qhov tseeb hauv daim duab nrog tag nrho nws cov ntim. Maj mamhoning lawv cov txuj ci ntau xyoo, cov kws ua yeeb yam tau kawm los piav txog kev xav, muab lub cev thiab cov khoom zoo ib yam li tus thawj.

Cov kev sim no tau pom meej meej hauv cov haujlwm ntsig txog lub ntiaj teb lossis thoob ntiaj teb Gothic, uas tau tsim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Cov duab ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb: saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus me me, qee qhov kev kho kom zoo thiab kev ua kom zoo hauv kev hloov ntawm cov duab, sim tsim kev xav.

Phau ntawv me me

painting ntawm European Middle Ages
painting ntawm European Middle Ages

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov duab kos ntawm lub sijhawm no yog pom tseeb tshaj plaws hauv cov duab me me uas ua rau cov phau ntawv. Ntawm tag nrho cov masters ntawm miniatures, Limburg cov kwv tij, uas nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, tsim nyog hais tshwj xeeb. Lawv tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Duke Jean ntawm Berry, uas yog tus kwv yau ntawm tus huab tais ntawm Fabkis, Charles V. Ib qho ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws yog "Lub Sijhawm Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Duke of Berry". Nws coj tau koob meej rau ob kwv tij thiab lawv cov patron. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm 1416, thaum txoj kab ntawm Limburgs ploj lawm, nws tseem tsis tau tiav, tab sis kaum ob qhov me me uas cov tswv tau tswj hwm los sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov txuj ci thiab tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom.

Quality transformation

Ib me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub XV caug xyoo, painting twb enriched nrog ib tug tshiab style, uas tom qab ntawd muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tag nrho cov zoo arts. Cov roj pleev xim tau tsim hauv Flanders. Cov roj zaub, tov nrog dyes, muab cov khoom tshiab rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov xim muaj ntau saturated thiab vibrant. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov yuav tsum tau maj, uas nrog cov duab nrog tempera, ploj mus: lub yolk uas tsim nws lub hauv paus qhuav sai heev. Tam sim no tus neeg pleev kob tuaj yeem ntsuas ntsuas, ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua yam ntsiab lus. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg siv rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg tau qhib rau tam sim no tsis paub txog qhov ua tau zoo rau kev ua si ntawm xim. Cov roj pleev xim yog li qhib lub ntiaj teb tshiab, tsis paub txog rau tus tswv.

Tus tsim ntawm tus qauv tshiab hauv kev pleev xim hauv Flanders yog Robert Campin. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev ua tiav tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov neeg ua raws, paub niaj hnub no rau yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas xav paub txog kev kos duab kos duab. Nws yog Jan van Eyck. Qee lub sij hawm qhov kev tsim cov roj pleev xim yog ntaus nqi rau nws. Feem ntau, Jan van Eyck tsuas yog txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis uas twb tau tsim lawm thiab ua tiav tau pib siv nws. Ua tsaug rau nws cov canvases, roj pleev xim tau nrov thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th kis dhau ciam teb ntawm Flanders - rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Ltalis.

Jan van Eyck yog tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj. Cov xim ntawm nws cov canvases tsim qhov kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo uas ntau ntawm nws cov neeg ua ntej thiaj li tsis muaj peev xwm qhia qhov tseeb. Ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo ntawm tus kws kos duab yog "Madonna ntawm Chancellor Rolin", "Portrait ntawm Arnolfinis". Yog tias koj saib ze rau tom kawg, nws pom tseeb tias Jan van Eyck qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb npaum li cas. Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ntu zus ntawm cov khaub ncaws ib leeg muaj nqis!

Medieval European painting
Medieval European painting

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus tswv yog "Ghent Altar", suav nrog 24 daim duab thiabpiav txog ntau tshaj ob puas daim duab.

painting ntawm nruab nrab hnub nyoog luv luv
painting ntawm nruab nrab hnub nyoog luv luv

Jan van Eyck tau raug hu ua tus sawv cev ntawm Early Renaissance es tsis yog Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab lig. Lub tsev kawm Flemish tag nrho tau los ua ib yam ntawm theem nruab nrab, qhov kev txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov uas yog kos duab ntawm Renaissance.

Cov duab ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, luv luv hais hauv tsab xov xwm, yog ib qho kev coj noj coj ua loj loj ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Tau ploj mus los ntawm kev ntxim nyiam, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem nco txog qhov zoo ntawm Antiquity rau kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm Renaissance, nws tau muab ntau yam haujlwm rau lub ntiaj teb uas feem ntau tsis qhia txog kev tsim cov duab, tab sis hais txog kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm tib neeg lub siab, kev nkag siab ntawm nws. nws qhov chaw nyob hauv lub Ntiaj Teb thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog xwm. Nkag siab txog qhov tob ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab lub cev, tus yam ntxwv ntawm Renaissance, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg cov ntsiab lus thiab qee qhov rov qab mus rau lub hauv paus canons ntawm Greek thiab Roman zoo nkauj yuav ua tsis tiav yam tsis tau kawm txog lub sijhawm ua ntej nws. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, qhov kev nkag siab ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tau yug los, thiaj li txawv ntawm ib txwm cov duab ntawm ib tug kab, nws txoj hmoo yog kiag li nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug formidable vajtswv.

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