2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
nkauj tau ntev nrog txiv neej. Nws lub neej tau xav txog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig hauv nws. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau cov lus pov thawj: "Koj nyob qhov twg, koj yuav hu nkauj", "Kev sib tham ua rau luv luv, tab sis ib zaj nkauj ua haujlwm" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub npe nrov "Koj tuaj yeem ua tau. Tsis txhob muab pov ib lo lus los ntawm ib zaj nkauj."
Intro
Nkauj cov nkauj muaj ntau yam. Lawv tuaj yeem pom los ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis: los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev xav txog cov tswv yim mythological lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, daim duab tiag tiag, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov nkauj ritual thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob ntawm qhov chaw, qhov xwm txheej uas lawv raug ua. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nkauj, lawv hom muaj ntau haiv neeg, thiab qhov no ib zaug ntxiv hais txog lub uniqueness ntawm suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai ntawm Russia.
Keeb kwm ntawm zaj nkauj
Lo lus nws tus kheej los ntawm "sing", lossis "sing". Max Vasmer hauv nws phau ntawv txhais lus etymological sau tseg tias lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus qhia no yog Slavic. Raws li feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev paub dhau los, cov ntaub ntawv "hu nkauj" (los hu nkauj) thiab "suab" (mus haus dej) tsis sib xws txhua lub sijhawm. Muaj kev xav tias qhov tshwm sim no cuam tshuam nrog kev ua koob tsheej pagan: haus - hu nkauj. Tau kawg, zaj nkauj los ntawm rituals. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev sau ntawvcov peev txheej feem ntau qhia tias nws muaj qee qhov mythological overtones.
Ib lub teb chaws twg, ib tug yuav hais, tau hloov zuj zus nrog rau cov suab paj nruag. Ua tsaug rau cov suab paj nruag, zaj nkauj tshwj xeeb, peb tuaj yeem taug qab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm txhua lub sijhawm. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm them sai sai rau cov kev xav hauv pej xeem cov duab uas qhia tag nrho qhov tob ntawm kev paub (hauv cov nkauj hu nkauj, piv txwv li), kev xyiv fab, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem zaj nkauj, nws yog cov ntawv nyeem, tsis yog lub suab paj nruag, uas yog tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv feature uas distinguishes Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai.
Nkauj nkauj kho siab
Ntau zaus, hom nkauj pej xeem suav nrog cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm nrog lub ntsiab lus tsom rau kev koom ua ke, kev hlub spell. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov nkauj no muaj ntau haiv neeg. Ib qho kev nyiam tshaj plaws yog kev siv taug kev los ntawm dej. Raws li qee qhov chaw thaum ub, kev mus rau hauv dej txhais tau tias, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub siab xav nrhiav tus khub nyob ze yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, es tsis txhob ntawm nws, cov nkauj feem ntau siv cov duab ntawm ib tug ntses, feem ntau yog ib tug pike, uas tus ntxhais yuav tsum tau ntes. Cov nkauj pej xeem no xaus nrog ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub incantatory quatrain.
Feem ntau cov duab hauv pej xeem cov nkauj muaj cov khoom zoo kawg nkaus los ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm Slavs thaum ub. Qhov nthuav heev yog qhov tseeb tias ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv pej xeem cov ntawvmuaj feem cuam tshuam, uas yog, lawv los ntawm ib lo lus, thaum lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv cov duab ntawm hluav taws, sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Piv txwv li, lo lus "quench" feem ntau yog siv los ua kab lus nrog cov lus "kev tshaib kev nqhis", "sadness" thiab lwm yam. Tab sis nws siv nws keeb kwm los ntawm lo lus "smolder", uas yog ncaj qha ntsig txog hluav taws, tau kawg. Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov hluav taws kub symbolizes heev kev twb kev txuas nrog Slavic mythology, vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv nws lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Vajtswv, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub teeb, tau nce mus rau qhov txwv. Muaj ntau lwm yam piv txwv thiab. Kev txhais ntawm lo lus "noj" tuaj yeem nthuav tshwj xeeb. Nws yog txuam nrog lo lus siv hluav taws - "hlawv", thiab tej zaum kuj los ntawm "hlawv".
me ntsis txog cov cim
Muaj, tau kawg, cov lus thiab kab lus uas peb twb tau hais meej meej nrog qee cov duab. Txhua hom nkauj Lavxias teb sab, piv txwv ntawm lawv, qhia peb tias nyom, hais tias, yog lub cim ntawm ib tug ntxhais, lub teeb taws yog qhov kev tu siab, kev xav, thiab cov nag los, ntawm chav kawm, yog txuam nrog kua muag, quaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm daim ntawv teev cov nkauj, ntsuab yog siv ntau heev, thiab qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, yog lub cim ntawm kev zoo nkauj, hluas, thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov cim. Nws kuj tseem pom tseeb tias thaum lub sij hawm lub mythological cuam tshuam rau pej xeem zaj nkauj maj mam qaug zog, nws dhau los ua ib txwm muaj, qhia txog qee yam nkauj duab. Ntau hom nkauj hmoob. Cov piv txwv ntawm lawv yog qhov nthuav heev.
nkauj ntawm cov neeg Lavxias
Ntau hom nkauj pej xeem tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia raws li cov lus dab neeg ntawm Slavic pab pawg neeg. Muaj kev xav tias ntev ntev ntau haiv neeg tuaj yeem nyob ntawm tib thaj chaw, thiab qhov no, tig mus, cuam tshuam rau cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Cov nkauj keeb kwm yog thawj zaug tshwm sim, uas qhia txog, feem, cov xwm txheej keeb kwm tiag tiag. Cov nkauj uas hais txog cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hu ua "epic". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lyrical pej xeem nkauj kuj tshwm sim, lawv feem ntau qhia lub siab lub ntsws ntawm tus cwj pwm. Raws li kev nrog rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tib neeg siv cov twj paj nruag txawv txawv rau peb. Cov no suav nrog lub suab nrov, suab nrov, kev khuv leej thiab, tau kawg, tus tswv yug yaj lub cuab yeej paub peb - lub horn. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nrhiav tau cov thawj, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, songwriters raug txim hnyav, thiab lawv cov cuab yeej raug puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov twj paj nruag no hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Types of Russian folk songs. nkauj tshoob
Ntawm no yog ib zaj nkauj zoo mloog heev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lawv tus cwj pwm yog feem ntau heterogeneous. Cov no tuaj yeem yog ob zaj nkauj ncaj qha txog kev tshoob kos, thiab hais txog txoj hmoo nyuaj ntawm cov poj niam. Kuj tseem muaj zaj nkauj-ua piv txwv. Ntawm no nws yuav tsim nyog los hais txog lwm hom nkauj pej xeem, lawv cov piv txwv muaj ntau yam ("Mashenka quaj txog lub ntsej muag daj"). Tseem muajthiab cov nkauj ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke, feem ntau lawv yog raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm ob txoj kab tseem ceeb. Ntawm ib sab, tus nkauj nyab tu siab vim nws yuav tau ncaim nws txiv tsev. Ntawm no, rites ntawm bachelorette tog, braids, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem hloov mus. Ntawm qhov tod tes - kev xyiv fab, kev cia siab, kev pib lub neej tshiab. Qhov kawg ntawm cov nkauj no feem ntau zoo siab.
Symbolics
Raws li lub cim, nyob rau hauv kab tshoob nkauj daim duab ntawm ib tug ntxhais yog feem ntau qhia los ntawm ib tug birch ntoo, thiab nws yog feem ntau muab piv nrog ib tug swan; daim duab ntawm ib tug txiv leej tub - ib tug nightingale los yog ib tug nees, piv txwv li. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nkauj ib tug poj niam sib yuav los ntawm "snow-white swan" hloov mus ua "grey goose", thaum implying lub poob ntawm girlish kev zoo nkauj thiab purity. Tus ntxhais yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hais lus zoo heev, nws yuav luag txhua zaus piav qhia tias yog ntsej muag dawb, ruddy, nrog pob muag dub thiab qhov muag pom tseeb. Kab tshoob zaj nkauj yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug melodic chant, ib tug meej rhythmic qauv, thiab lub obligatory muaj ib tug chorus.
Zoo thiab thuam
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov nkauj qhuas feem ntau yog txuam nrog mythology. Qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias cov nkauj no feem ntau yog los ntawm tib neeg qhov kev thov rau qhov xwm txheej, ntuj tshwm sim. Raws li rau ib hom ntawv me me - cov nkauj thuam - lawv tsuas yog tsom rau kev dag ntxias dab phem. Yeej, nyob rau hauv cov nkauj qhuas, lub neej yog zoo tagnrho, thaum nyob rau hauv corny nkauj, nws yog raws nraim qhov opposite - tsuas yog lub neej tiag tiag. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub subtext ntawm lub tshoob ceremonyzaj nkauj uas thuam luag dhau los ua neeg luag ntxhi, ib yam nkauj luag ntxhi. Hom nkauj pej xeem muaj ntau yam: comic, lyrical. Qib 3 hauv tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau yog cov nkauj comic, tab sis cov lus thuam tsis suav nrog ntawm no, lawv tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm.
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog pej xeem cov nkauj, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias hom nkauj Lavxias teb sab muaj ntau haiv neeg. Ib qho ntawm cov npe nrov hauv peb lub sijhawm yog, ntawm chav kawm, ib zaj nkauj kos duab. Nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ib qho ntawm cov ceg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nkauj no yog raws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev hlub: lawv feem ntau yog lub teeb, zoo siab tones. Ib tug ntxhais thiab ib tug txiv neej yuav luag txhua lub tswv yim: nws yog tus ntse, zoo nraug, siab tawv, nws ywj siab, tsim nyog, zoo nkauj kawg. Tseem muaj lyrical nkauj hais txog tsev neeg lub neej. Raws li txoj cai, qib 3 feem ntau kawm cov nkauj pej xeem no hauv kev qhia suab paj nruag hauv tsev kawm.
Feem ntau, peb tuaj yeem hais tias tam sim no Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai, tau kawg, tau hloov kho tshiab. Lavxias teb sab nkauj, lawv hom, tau hnov qab me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem zaj nkauj, cov ntawv nyeem, cov ntsiab lus semantic, tau los ua ntej, tab sis tam sim no cov seev cev tivthaiv coj tus thawj coj. Qhov no tsis txhais hais tias txhua lub suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai yuav poob zuj zus mus, tab sis, nws tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag, nkauj, thiab cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub ntawm lub neej.
Pom zoo:
Folk instruments. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem instruments. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem seev cev
Thawj lub suab paj nruag Lavxias teb sab tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los, rov qab los rau lub sijhawm tsis nco txog. Koj tuaj yeem kawm txog yam peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau ua los ntawm cov duab kos duab, cov ntawv sau ntawv thiab cov ntawv luam tawm nrov. Cia peb nco ntsoov cov cuab yeej cuab tam nto moo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem
Piv txwv ntawm dab neeg. Piv txwv ntawm cov me me ntawm cov lus dab neeg, cov dab neeg ua haujlwm
Folklore li qhov ncauj pej xeem kos duab yog kev kos duab sib koom ua ke ntawm tib neeg, uas qhia txog nws qhov kev xav zoo thiab lub neej tiag tiag, kev ntseeg ntiaj teb kev pom
Cov cim ntawm classicism hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Undergrowth"
Classicism nyob rau hauv Russia pib zoo nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab txuas ntxiv cov kev cai qub. Peter the Great nthuav tawm cov tswv yim siab ntawm tib neeg, thiab cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv tau txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov sib txawv, uas yuav tau tham hauv tsab xov xwm
Piv txwv ntawm architecture ntawm ntau hom. Thawj piv txwv ntawm cov qauv tshiab
Ntiaj teb architecture tsim raws li txoj cai ntawm pawg ntseeg dominance. Cov vaj tse nyob hauv vaj tse zoo li me me, thaum lub tuam tsev tau tawm tsam hauv lawv qhov pom zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub tsev teev ntuj muaj cov nyiaj tseem ceeb uas cov txiv plig siab tshaj tau txais los ntawm lub xeev, ntxiv rau, cov nyiaj pub dawb los ntawm parishioners nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj treasury. Nrog rau cov nyiaj no, cov tuam tsev tau tsim thoob plaws Russia
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm