Maximilian Voloshin. Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug, toj roob hauv pes painting thiab sau ntawv critic
Maximilian Voloshin. Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug, toj roob hauv pes painting thiab sau ntawv critic

Video: Maximilian Voloshin. Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug, toj roob hauv pes painting thiab sau ntawv critic

Video: Maximilian Voloshin. Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug, toj roob hauv pes painting thiab sau ntawv critic
Video: Вся Русь — костер… Гудит, ревёт/ Максимилиан Волошин. 1919 год 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj yog ntau yam thiab tseem ceeb heev (nws raug hu ua tus neeg Lavxias tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th) txiv neej - Maximilian Voloshin (1877-1932). Nws zoo heev organically haum rau lub sij hawm zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, uas cov lus ntawm poetess A. Akhmatova yog li ntawd haum: "Thiab lub nyiaj hli froze brightly tshaj lub hnub nyoog nyiaj … ", txawm hais tias M. Voloshin nws tus kheej tsis koom. rau ib qho ntawm cov qauv uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab.

Tus neeg muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua yam

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1877 hauv Kyiv, hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws pab tswv yim collegiate (qib qeb VI, sib txuas rau tub rog tub rog) A. M. Kiriyenko-Voloshin thiab E. O. Glazer, yug tau ib tug tub. Tam sim ntawd tom qab yug me nyuam, leej niam, uas tau nqus cov kev cai ywj pheej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tau tso nws tus txiv, uas tau tuag peb xyoos tom qab, thiab tsis nco qab nws dua. Me Max nwscoj nws tus kheej raws li nws lub siab xav. Thiab, tej zaum, nws yog lawm yog hais tias tus encyclopedist Maximilian Voloshin tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia vim nws loj hlob tuaj, ib tug tsim nyog thiab txawj txhais lus, ib tug zoo kawg nkaus, thawj kws sau paj lug thiab ib tug amazing artist. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug nthuav kev sau ntawv critic. Thiab, nyob rau hauv kev lees paub ntawm txhua yam uas tau hais, nws zoo li yog qhov nws tus kheej tsim profile ntawm ib tug txiv neej bearded ntawm Karadag, uas Maximilian Voloshin tau dhau los ua zoo kawg nkaus zoo ib yam li lub sijhawm.

Maximilian Voloshin
Maximilian Voloshin

Txoj hmoo tsis zoo

Thiab nws txoj hmoo tau muaj hmoo. Tus txiv neej zoo siab no, tus neeg dag dag, hauv txoj ntsiab cai, nyob mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub, nws xav li cas thiab qhov twg, sau qhov nws xav tau, txawm tias nws tsis tau tshaj tawm. Thiab tom qab ntawd, tsuas yog rau kev khaws cia ntawm nws cov paj huam, tib neeg tuaj yeem ploj mus yam tsis muaj kab. Txawm tias nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam, uas muaj ob lub tsev 2-storey thiab lub tsev dav dav, tsis tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm Bolsheviks. Thiab nyob rau hauv Koktebel, kom txog rau thaum lub "shaggy Zeus", ntau pua tus phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg ntawm nws cov phooj ywg tuaj rau Koktebel nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Lub vaj tsev Voloshin yog ib yam zoo li lub tsev kho mob dawb, lub tsev muaj tswv yim rau cov kws sau paj huam, kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws kos duab.

Ib tug tig taw tes

Maximilian Voloshin kawm hauv gymnasiums - Feodosia thiab ob lub Moscow, ntawm Moscow University (ntawm chav haujlwm ntawm txoj cai), thiab txhua qhov chaw nws nkag siab txog kev tshawb fawb tsis tseem ceeb. Thiab tom qab ntawd, xyoo tom qab, nws tau hais tias kaum xyoo nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tsis txhawb nws nrog ib qho kev xav, thiab cov xyoo no raug pov tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau mus koom cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev txaus siab rau nws ntawm Sorbonne thiab tau txais kev cob qhia hauv kev cob qhiacov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm Paris.

Hauv xyoo 1900, uas m. Voloshin suav tias yog lub xyoo ntawm nws tsim, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm Moscow mus rau Central Asia rau kev koom nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws nyob ntawm no tias nws txiav txim siab mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev kos duab thiab ntawv nyeem, uas, ntawm nws txoj kev xav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau nws "mus rau sab hnub poob."

Los ntawm kev tso tawm mus rau encyclopedists

Maximilian Voloshin, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm yuav muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Paris txog xyoo 1912, tau mus ncig thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe thiab mus xyuas tebchaws Iziv. Tau ntau xyoo, ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ib nrab tau hloov mus ua ib tug erudite - nws taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog, siv sij hawm ntau nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv, absorbing, zoo li ib daim txhuam cev, kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient thiab medieval civilizations. Nws tau koom tes nrog kev txhais lus, qhib cov kws sau paj huam Lavxias rau Fabkis, thiab Fabkis rau nws cov phooj ywg. Nws cov ntawv tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias nrov, thiab thaum lub sijhawm nws rov qab los rau Koktebel nws twb muaj lub npe sau.

Tus neeg dag ntxias dag

Tab sis xyoo 1913, tus txiv neej no muaj kev ywj pheej tiag tiag, nws txoj kev xav ib txwm txawv ntawm lwm tus (thiab nws niam lub ntsiab lus yog: loj hlob zoo li leej twg, tsis zoo li lwm tus) tau ua ob yam, qhov tshwm sim yog boycott tshaj tawm rau nws. Thawj zaj dab neeg yog kev dag ntxias nrog tus kws sau paj huam Elizaveta Dmitrieva. Lawv luam tawm ib lub voj voog ntawm cov paj huam nyob rau hauv lub npe Cherubina de Gabriac. Cov paj huam tau nrov heev. Tab sis qhov tshwm sim kuj nyuaj, vim li ntawd, tiv thaiv kev hwm ntawm tus poj niam, M. Voloshin tua nws tus kheej hauv kev sib tw nrog N. Gumilyov. Maximilian Alexandrovich thib ob yogsuav A. Tolstoy.

Maximilian Voloshin thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Maximilian Voloshin thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

tawm tsam pej xeem kev xav

Zaj thib ob sib cav Voloshin nrog ntau tus phooj ywg sau ntawv. Lub hli ntawm Lub Ob Hlis, nws tau hais lus qhuab qhia ntawm Polytechnic Tsev khaws puav pheej, nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis kam qhia nws txoj kev xav, txawv ntawm txhua tus, hais txog qhov laj thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm I. Repin's painting "Ivan the Terrible tua nws tus tub." Xyoo 1914, ib phau ntawv ntawm nws cov ntawv sau "Faces of Creativity" tau luam tawm, uas tau nrov heev. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1910 thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws cov paj huam tau luam tawm, ua ntej ntawd tsis M. Gorky lossis V. Ivanov luam tawm nws cov paj huam.

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias txawm tias niaj hnub no tsis muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm tus cwj pwm lossis cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws kos duab, kws sau paj huam thiab cov neeg sau ntawv hu ua Voloshin Maximilian yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kiag li. Koktebel yog inextricably txuas nrog nws lub npe. Lub tswv yim los nyob ntawd tau koom nrog nws niam. Rov qab rau xyoo 1893 (Max yog 16 thaum lub sijhawm), nws yog ib tus thawj uas yuav ib daim av ntawm no los ntawm hiav txwv, ntseeg hais tias tsuas yog huab cua, xwm thiab centuries-laus keeb kwm ntawm Crimea, uas muaj ntau haiv neeg sib txawv. tshuav lawv lub cim, haum rau nws tus Maximilian uas tsis muaj nuj nqis, uas sib xyaw ntau ntau cov ntshav sib txawv.

Maximilian Voloshin lub tsev
Maximilian Voloshin lub tsev

Legendary House

Txij thaum nws rov qab los ntawm txawv teb chaws, tus kws sau paj huam thiab kws kos duab nyob yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm hauv nws thaj av, uas tau maj mam dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev xav hauv tebchaws Russia. Txawm hais tias, raws li cov lus xaiv, tsis tsuas yog xav ntawm no. Thaum lub sij hawm nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Maximilian Voloshin lub tsev yog qhov chaw rau tag nrho nws cov phooj ywg,Txawm hais tias lawv "xim" - nws cawm cov liab los ntawm cov dawb, thiab cov dawb los ntawm cov liab. Nws tsis tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw, txawm hais tias nws tus phooj ywg A. K. Tolstoy xyoo 1918 (uas rov qab mus rau Soviet Russia xyoo 1923) thov kom nws khiav tawm txawv teb chaws. Voloshin tsis tau tawm hauv nws lub tebchaws.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Maximilian Voloshin
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Maximilian Voloshin

Cimmeria Singer

Thaum nyob hauv Koktebel, M. Voloshin pleev xim ntau heev - raws li nws lub sijhawm, ob xim dej ib hnub. Ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog nrog cov paj huam zoo nkauj. Nws hlub nws Cimmeria (cov Greeks thaum ub - "Northern lub teb chaws"), sau txog nws thiab pleev xim rau nws. Maximilian Voloshin pleev xim rau nws paintings nyob rau hauv lub voj voog. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb ntawm Art. Tab sis ntev dhau los lawv tsis paub txog cov neeg tuaj saib dav, txawm hais tias tam sim no cov khoom sau zoo heev, nrog rau cov paj huam, tuaj yeem pom hauv cov pej xeem. Ntau tus tswv tej hauj lwm tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej npe hu ua tom qab nws thiab nyob rau hauv Feodosia, nyob rau hauv lub Aivazovsky Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Voloshin Maximilian Koktebel
Voloshin Maximilian Koktebel

Kub cuab yeej cuab tam

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Maximilian Voloshin hauv nws lub tsev hauv Koktebel tau qhib rau xyoo 1984. Nws tshuav nws lub neej rau tus poj ntsuam ntawm Maximilian Aleksandrovich M. S. Voloshina (nee Zabolotskaya), uas mus txog rau thaum 1976 tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub qub qub txeeg qub tes, tab sis ua tib zoo khaws cia thiab sau txhua yam uas yog txuam nrog nws tus txiv hlub. Nws paub tias muaj ib hnub cov neeg ntawm Russia yuav txaus siab rau cov keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab kws sau paj huam.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav qhia txhua xyoo International Maximilian Voloshin nqi zog rau phau ntawv poetic zoo tshaj plaws, hnub ntawm nws qhov kev nthuav qhiahu ua Voloshin September. Tus kws sau paj lug thiab kws kos duab raug faus nyob ze - ntawm Mount Kuchuk-Yanyshar. Hauv qab ib lub slab nyob ib sab ntawm nws thiab nws tus poj niam.

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