Naive art in painting: style features, artists, paintings

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Koj yuav tsum tau pom cov duab ntawm cov kws kos duab no. Zoo li ib tug me nyuam kos lawv. Qhov tseeb, lawv cov neeg sau ntawv - cov neeg laus - tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij. Nyob rau hauv painting, naive art pib nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Thaum xub thawj, nws tsis tau ua tiag tiag, thiab qhov tseeb tsis tau suav tias yog kos duab txhua. Tab sis dhau sijhawm, tus cwj pwm ntawm tus qauv no tau hloov pauv ntau.

Nyob rau "naive"

Yog li no hu ua naive art? Nyob rau hauv painting, lo lus no qhia txog ib tug tshwj xeeb artistic style, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm pej xeem masters thiab nws tus kheej qhia, khaws cia lub me nyuam tshiab thiab immediacy nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm. Cov lus txhais no tau muab los ntawm Encyclopedia of Arts. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem muaj nyob hauv duab puab, architecture, duab.

Naive art (los yog "naive", raws li nws feem ntau hu ua) - cov kev taw qhia tsis yog li tshiab. Rov qab rau xyoo pua 17th hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov kws ua yeeb yam tsis yog kws tshaj lij tsim lawv cov "primitive" masterpieces. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg coj cov duab no tiag.xav txog. Naive art tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam ywj pheej tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm "naive" feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv daim duab duab. Koj yuav tsum tau pom cov cim zoo li no hauv qee lub tsev teev ntuj nyob deb nroog: lawv tsis sib haum xeeb, qub, tsis muaj lus piav qhia, tab sis ua siab loj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kos duab tsis zoo kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub npe hu ua cov duab puab - cov duab puab ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev ntseeg. Nws yog kev cai rau nruab xws li cov mlom ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Catholic thiab cov tsev teev ntuj (saib daim duab).

Puas yog kev kos duab tsis zoo thiab primitivism tib yam? Ntawm qhov qhab nia no, cov neeg thuam kos duab muaj peb qhov kev xav sib txawv:

1. Yog, cov no yog cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam.
2. Naive art is one of the direction of primitivism.
3. Cov no yog cov tswv yim sib txawv. Yog tias "naive" yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov amateurs, ces primitivism yog ib qho yooj yim, stylized ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kws txawj craftsmen.

Key style nta

Naive art tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab cov neeg. Cia peb sim ua kom pom cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev kos duab no. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no suav nrog:

• tsis muaj kev tshaj lij (kev kawm) kev txawj kos duab;
• brightness ntawm cov xim thiab cov duab;
• tsis muaj qhov kev pom zoo;
• duab flatness;
• simplified rhythm;
• pronounced contours ntawm cov khoom;
• generalization of forms;
• simplicity of techniques.

Nco ntsoov tiastej hauj lwm ntawm naive art muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej style. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj kev cia siab thiab ua rau lub neej muaj kev ntseeg siab.

Geography ntawm naive art

Feem coob ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam naive nto moo yog cov neeg zoo tib yam nyob hauv cov zos lossis cov nroog me. Raws li txoj cai, lawv khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm, thiab lawv tsim nyob rau hauv lawv lub sijhawm dawb. Feem ntau txoj kev mob siab rau kev kos duab tsim thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus lossis laus.

Naive art originated nyob rau hauv Fabkis, tab sis tom qab ntawd tau txais kev muaj koob meej tsis tau muaj dua nyob thoob plaws dej hiav txwv - hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Txawm tias nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov paintings naive nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no tau sau rau lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab private collections. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov kev taw qhia no pib loj hlob tiag tiag nyob rau hauv lub 80-90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Hais txog kev ua yeeb yam tsis zoo, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog lub tsev kawm hu ua Khlebinsky. Qhov no yog lub npe raws cai rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam los ntawm lub zos Hlebine, nyob rau sab qaum teb Croatia. Oddly txaus, kev kawm artist Krsto Hegedusic (1901-1975) sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Khlebinsky (Podravskaya). Nws cov masters ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev pleev xim rau iav. Khlebinsky painting yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm motifs los ntawm lub neej txhua hnub hauv zos.

Main Naive museums

"Naive is a state of mind" (Alexander Fomin).

Ntawm tag nrho cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev kos duab tsis zoo hauv ntiaj teb, peb yuav tsum tau hais txog: Paris, Moscow thiab Zagreb.

Txij li xyoo 1985, ntawm ko taw ntawm Montmarte toj, hauv lub tsev ntawm lub khw qub textile, Paris Tsev khaws puav pheej tau ua haujlwm.primitivism. Nws tshuav nws keeb kwm thiab muaj nyob rau Fabkis tus tshaj tawm Max Fourni. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev siv zog tom qab, lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom sau tam sim no tau sib sau ua ke, uas niaj hnub no muaj ntau dua 600 paintings.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Moscow ntawm Naive Art tau muaj txij li xyoo 1998. Nws nyob hauv ib lub tsev qub pob zeb ntawm qhov chaw nyob: Union Avenue, 15 a. Tam sim no lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj txog 1500 yam haujlwm. Vim tsis muaj chaw txaus nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev me me, qhov nthuav qhia hloov yuav luag txhua lub hlis.

Lub nroog Croatian, Zagreb, muaj nws lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab primitivism. Nws nyob hauv Upper Town, ntawm Mark Square. Nws cov khoom nthuav qhia ua haujlwm los ntawm nees nkaum Croatian cov kws ua yeeb yam, tshwj xeeb, Ivan Generalic thiab Ivan Rabuzin.

Lwm tus piv txwv peculiar ntawm naive yog nyob rau sab qaum teb Romania. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua "Merry Cemetery" nyob rau hauv lub zos Sepyntsa. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau pua cov yeeb yuj tombstones nrog cov ntawv poetic thiab cov duab kos qub.

Naive art: paintings and artists

Territorially, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm "naive" thiab primitivism, peb cheeb tsam yuav txawv: lub teb chaws USA, Western Europe thiab lub Balkans. Cov neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab tsis zoo hauv kev pleev xim yog cov kws kos duab ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19-20th, suav nrog:

• Henri Rousseau (Fabkis).
• Ivan Lakovic-Croata (Croatia).
• Ivan Rabuzin (Croatia).
• Maria Primachenko (Ukraine).
• Yawg Moses (USA).
• Norval Morisseau (Canada).
• YEkaterina Medvedeva (Russia).
• Valery Eremenko(Russia).
• Mihai Dascalu (Romania).
• Radi Nedelchev (Bulgaria).
• Stacy Lovejoy (USA).
• Sasha Putrya (Ukraine).

Cia peb mus saib cov hauj lwm ntawm cov "naive" masters saum toj no.

Henri Rousseau

Tus tsim ntawm kev kos duab tsis zoo hauv kev kos duab yog Henri Rousseau, tus tub ceev xwm kev lis kev cai uas, tom qab nws so haujlwm, txiav txim siab mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev kos duab zoo. Nws decorated nws canvases nrog clumsy tib neeg cov duab thiab funny me me tsiaj, tsis tshua txhawj txog kev xav. Thawj qhov txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Rousseau yog nws lub sijhawm Picasso. Thiab Paul Gauguin, pom cov duab ntawm Henri, hais tias: "Qhov no yog qhov tseeb thiab yav tom ntej, qhov no yog daim duab tiag!"

YIvan Lackovich-Croata

Lackovich-Kroata yog ib tug ntawm Hegedusic cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntxiv rau kev pleev xim, nws kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua nom ua tswv, koom nrog hauv Croatian kev tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej thaum ntxov 90s, tau raug xaiv ob zaug rau Croatian parliament. Ntawm nws cov canvases, Ivan Latskovich feem ntau piav txog lub neej, scenes ntawm lub zos lub neej, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws toj roob hauv pes.

Ivan Rabuzin

Ivan Rabuzin yog lwm tus kws kos duab Croatian, thiab lwm tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab tsis zoo hauv kev kos duab. Nws paintings feem ntau hu ua saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Tus kws tshaj lij kos duab Anatoly Yakovsky muab khoom plig rau Rabuzin nws tus kheej nrog lub npe ntawm "tus kws tshaj lij tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub sijhawm thiab tib neeg." Cov toj roob hauv pes los ntawm Ivan Rabuzin embody purity, extraterrestrial kev zoo nkaujthiab kev sib haum xeeb. Yuav luag tag nrho nws cov paintings yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntoo outlandish thiab paj zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua yam khoom ntawm Rabuzin's canvases, txawm tias lawv yog toj, hav zoov lossis huab, zoo li muaj qee qhov sib txawv.

Maria Primachenko

Tus kws ua yeeb yam Ukrainian ci ntsa iab Maria Primachenko tau yug los thiab nyob tag nrho nws lub neej hauv lub zos me me ntawm Bolotnya ze Kyiv. Nws pib kos thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo, pleev xim rau cov neeg nyob ze lub tsev pheeb suab. Maria lub peev xwm tau pom rov qab rau hauv 30s lig. Nws cov haujlwm tau nthuav tawm hauv Paris, Montreal, Prague, Warsaw thiab lwm lub nroog. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, tus kws kos duab tsim tsawg kawg 650 paintings. Maria Primachenko txoj kev kos duab yog ua raws li cov paj ntoo thiab cov tsiaj tsis muaj tseeb uas tsim los ntawm nws.

Moses Anna Mary

Yawg Moses yog ib tus kws kos duab Asmeskas nto moo, ib lub cim thoob ntiaj teb lees paub ntawm kev kos duab tsis zoo. Nws nyob tau 101 xyoo, tawm hauv qab ntau pua cov duab ci ntsa iab, muaj yeeb yuj thiab zoo siab. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm pog Mauxes yog tias nws thawj zaug pib pleev xim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 76 xyoo. Tus kws kos duab tau nto moo tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1930s, thaum tus neeg sau khoom tseem ceeb hauv New York tau pom ib qho ntawm nws daim duab kos rau hauv lub qhov muag tshuaj.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov duab ntawm Anna Mary Moses yog cov xibhwb nyob deb nroog, txhua hnub scenes los ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, lub caij ntuj no toj roob hauv pes. Qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia los ntawm ib tus neeg thuam hauv kab lus hauv qab no:

"Qhov kev thov ntawm nws cov duab kos yog qhov tseeb tias lawv piav txog txoj kev ua neej uasCov neeg Amelikas nyiam ntseeg heev, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis muaj ntxiv lawm."

Norval Morisseau

Norval Morisseau yog Canadian Indian-yug ua yeeb yam thaum ub. Yug hauv pawg neeg Ojibwa ze Ontario. Nws sau txog nws tus kheej raws li nram no: “Kuv yog ib tug kws kos duab los ntawm xwm. Kuv loj hlob ntawm cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg ntawm kuv cov neeg - thiab kuv kos cov lus dab neeg no. Thiab qhov ntawd, los ntawm thiab loj, hais txhua yam.

Qhov tseeb nthuav los ntawm tus kws kos duab biography: xyoo 1972, thaum hluav taws kub hauv tsev so hauv Vancouver, Norval Morisseau tau txais kev kub nyhiab loj. Lub sijhawm ntawd, raws li Norval nws tus kheej, Yexus Khetos tshwm sim rau nws. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau los ua tus thawj coj tshiab hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Tus kws kos duab pib nquag kos cov cim hauv phau npaiv npaum, xav tsis thoob tias nws xaws lawv mus rau hauv daim ntaub ntawm ib txwm Indian motifs.

YEkaterina Medvedeva

Ekaterina Medvedeva yog tus kws qhia nws tus kheej los ntawm lub zos Golubino, Belgorod Cheeb Tsam, yog ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub "naive". Thawj thawj zaug nws khaws txhuam hauv xyoo 1976, thiab twb nyob rau xyoo 80s thaum ntxov, cov ntawv sau txog "cov neeg txawj ntse tshiab" tau pib tshwm hauv Moscow xov xwm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Katya Medvedeva ua haujlwm zoo li tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob hauv tsev laus. Xyoo 1984, tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm tau mus rau ib qho kev nthuav qhia hauv Nice, qhov chaw uas lawv ua ib qho txaws.

Valery Eremenko

Lwm tus kws tshaj lij ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia yog Valery Eremenko. Yug hauv Semipalatinsk (Kazakhstan), kawm hauv Tashkent, niaj hnub no nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Kaluga. Nyob ntawmTus kws kos duab muaj ntau tshaj li kaum ob qhov kev nthuav qhia sib txawv, nws cov haujlwm tau nthuav tawm hauv Kaluga Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam, Moscow Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Naive Art, thiab tseem khaws cia hauv ntau cov khoom ntiag tug. Valery Eremenko cov duab ci ntsa iab, ironic thiab muaj sia nyob tsis txaus ntseeg.

Mihai Daskalu

Vital, unsophisticated and very juicy plots - cov no yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Romanian naive artist Mihai Dascalu. Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm nws paintings yog neeg. Ntawm no lawv seev cev, hu nkauj, ua phaib, khaws cov nceb, sib cav thiab poob rau hauv kev hlub… Feem ntau, lawv ua neej nyob hauv ntiaj teb no. Los ntawm nws cov canvases, tus kws kos duab no zoo li sim qhia rau peb ib leeg kev xav: txhua yam kev zoo nkauj yog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej.

Ntaus tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov cim tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mihai Dascalu. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws paintings. Txawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntsiab zaj duab xis cov duab, ces raws li ib tug keeb kwm yav dhau. Tsob ntoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Daskalu, qhov tseeb, cim lub neej ntawm tib neeg.

Radi Nedelchev

Qhov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Bulgarian artist Radi Nedelchev yog txoj kev. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim nyob deb nroog primer, overgrown nrog knotweed, los yog ib tug pob zeb pavement ntawm ib tug ancient nroog, los yog ib tug NW nyuam qhuav pom txoj kev raws li cov neeg yos hav zoov mus rau hauv lub snowy deb.

Radi Nedelchev yog tus paub txog tus tswv hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev kos duab tsis zoo. Nws cov canvases tau paub dav dav tshaj li qhov me me Bulgaria. Nedelchev kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting nyob rau hauvRuse, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Switzerland rau European kev lees paub, qhov chaw nws tuav nws lub rooj nthuav qhia solo. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm Nedelchev, nws tau los ua thawj tus kws kos duab Bulgarian uas nws cov duab kos tau xaus rau hauv Paris Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Primitive Art. Tus sau cov haujlwm tau mus rau kaum ob lub nroog loj hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab ntiaj teb.

Stacy Lovejoy

Tam sim no Asmeskas tus kws kos duab Stacey Lovejoy tau txais kev lees paub rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb style, nyob rau hauv uas cov yam ntxwv ntawm "naive", abstractionism thiab futurism sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho kev ci ntsa iab thiab stunning cocktail. Tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm yog, qhov tseeb, ib tug xav txog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tiag tiag nyob rau hauv ib co hom ntawm abstract mirror.

Sasha Putrya

Alexandra Putria yog tus kws kos duab tshwj xeeb los ntawm Poltava. Nws pib kos thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos, zoo li xav tias nws yuav tawm mus thaum ntxov ntawm lub neej. Sasha tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum ib los ntawm leukemia, tawm hauv qab 46 albums nrog mem hluav thiab watercolor drawings, sketches, cartoons. Nws cov haujlwm ntau yam suav nrog cov tsiaj txhu tsiaj txhu, cov cim dab neeg, nrog rau cov yeeb yaj kiab uas nrov Indian.

In xaus…

kos duab no hu ua naive. Tab sis yog tias koj ua tib zoo nyeem cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov style, ib lo lus nug ntuj tshwm sim: lawv cov neeg sau ntawv puas yog dag? Tom qab tag nrho, "naive" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis txhais hais tias " ruam" los yog "tsis paub" kiag li. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam no tsuas tsis paub yuav ua li cas, thiab tsis xav kos raws li feem ntau lees txais canons. Lawv piav txog lub ntiaj teb raws li lawv xav. Qhov no yog qhov nws yog txhua yam hais txogkev zoo nkauj thiab nqi ntawm lawv paintings.