Architectural style: kos duab hauv pob zeb

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Thaum txiav txim siab txog kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub tsev, ntau yam sib txawv tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account. Tag nrho ntawm ntau yam ntawm architecture, lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev, theem ntawm nws artistic tus nqi, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb. Raws li peb tau pom, nws tsis txaus, saib lub tsev, hais tias nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm lub lig Renaissance los yog flamboyant Gothic. Cov qauv tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov qauv nruj thiab cov lus qhia rau cov analogues.

Cov qauv kev tshawb fawb rau kev faib tawm cov qauv kev tsim vaj tsev tau nthuav tawm tsis ntev los no, nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, thiab tsis yog tus kws tsim vaj tsev ua nws. Nws coj tawm txoj kev xav ntawm yuav ua li cas architectural style yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm German archaeologist Johann Winckelmann. Raws li nws txoj kev, kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum pib nrog kev kuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim qauv, txuas ntxiv nrog kev sib piv nrog cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm, thiab xaus nrog cov lus qhia ntawm tus kheej. Nyuaj thiab tsis meej pem, txawm hais tias txhua txoj kev xav muaj txoj cai muaj nyob.

BQhov tseeb hais tias cov architectural style tsis xav tau xws li ib tug sib sib zog nqus scientific mus kom ze yog txhawb los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ua ntej lub advent ntawm Winckelmann nrog nws txoj kev xav, ob peb yam twb muaj thiab twb recognizable. Gothic Cathedral los ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th AD koj yuav tsis confuse nrog lub tsev tsim nyob rau hauv Baroque style nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, thiab koj yuav tsis yuam kev cov masterpieces ntawm Renaissance architecture rau lub tsev ntawm classicism thaum ntxov. Architecture, zoo li lwm yam kos duab tiag tiag, tsis xav tau German dryness thiab pedantry, nws yog thawj txaus kom muaj nyob dawb thiab txaus siab rau nws txoj kev zoo nkauj.

Txoj kev ywj pheej tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov uas twb muaj lawm yog niaj hnub. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev niaj hnub yog qhov tsis lees paub cov kab ncaj. Smoothing tawm lub angularity tam sim ntawd yuav siv lub tsev ze rau naturalness, yog tias koj xav tau, ze rau qhov. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov masterpieces ntawm Art Nouveau architecture yog lub tsev thiab chaw ua si thiab toj roob hauv pes tsim ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Gaudí. Nws cov vaj tse haum organically rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj uas lawv zoo li tsim tsis yog ntawm tib neeg txhais tes, tab sis ntawm qhov nws tus kheej.

Niaj hnub nimno style tshwm sim thaum tig ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries. Nws tsis tau txais los ntawm ntau tus neeg vim nws qhov txawv txav thiab tsis txaus ntseeg tshiab, tab sis txawm li cas los xij nws tau coj nws qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb architecture thiab yuav tsis muab txoj hauv kev rau qhov chaw no. Thiab qhov kev npau taws heev niaj hnub tsim ntawm Gaudí adorn thiab yuav dai ib lub nroog zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - Barcelona, ua rau kev mus xyuas lub nroog no npau suav ntawm txhua tus neeg ncig tebchaws. Zoo nkauj heev hauv tsevArt Nouveau style nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ntawm Nevsky Prospekt. Qhov no yog lub qub "Singer Company House", tam sim no lub tsev ntawm Phau Ntawv nyob rau hauv nws. Lub Tsev Singer yog ib lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb lub nroog.

Vitebsky railway chaw nres tsheb kuj yog nyob rau hauv Art Nouveau vaj tse nyob rau hauv St. Thiab hauv Moscow, Art Nouveau architectural style yog sawv cev los ntawm lub tsev loj Ryabushinsky ua los ntawm Shekhtel. Ib tug txawj ntse architect tsim lub Yaroslavsky railway chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv Moscow, ntawm Theatre Square, muaj Metropol Hotel, tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Valkot - ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monuments ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv lub Art Nouveau style.

Lub forerunner ntawm modernity yog lub architectural style ntawm classicism. Nrog nws qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qho feat rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm modernity. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev uas baroque thiab rococo pib evoke koom haum nrog "whipped cream" nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab smoothly dhau mus rau classicism, ib tug tsis muaj tseeb style, yog li austere classicism tau hloov los ntawm freer architectural style ntawm modernity. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyob twj ywm, thiab qhov no kuj siv tau rau architecture. Tab sis ua ntej nws poob, classicism yog nyob rau hauv kev thov los ntawm architects rau yuav luag ob puas xyoo. Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, qhov style no yog qhov tseeb, rational thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis devoid ntawm txoj kev tshav ntuj. Classicism gravitates rau symmetry, sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, simplicity thiab solidity, uas yog, fundamentality.

Tag nrho cov paib no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ancient architecture. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm geometricity tau raug coj mus rau hauv kev npaj tsis yog tsuas yog cov tsev, tab sis tag nrho lub nroog. Aesthetics ntawm classicismtau ntxim nyiam rau ntau tus, thiab lub nroog tshiab tau tsim los ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm qhov kev tsim vaj tsev no.