Eclectic style nyob rau hauv architecture: yam ntxwv, architects, piv txwv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Kwv yees li ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov style eclectic tau tshwm sim hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv architecture, nws qhia nws tus kheej feem ntau contrastingly. Qhov kev taw qhia no los hloov classicism. Tab sis yog hais tias yav dhau los style muab lub nroog ib txwm layout, nteg lub hauv paus rau cov chaw, ces eclecticism puv lub nruj qauv ntawm lub quarters thiab ua kom tiav nroog ensembles.

Yim txoj kev yug los li cas

Thaum kaj ntug ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam pib thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, nws tau nrog kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, qhov tshwm sim uas tau txhawb nqa cov nroog me. Qhov no yog raws nraim li cas tshwm sim, piv txwv li, nrog Chelyabinsk thiab Kurgan, thiab raws li rau lawv nyob ze thaj tsam ntawm Yekaterinburg, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nws tau dhau los ua ib tug loj railway hlws ris. Ib yam li ntawd tshwm sim nyob rau lwm qhov hauv lub tebchaws.

Tau kawg, tag nrho cov no tau tsim qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev txhim kho cov nroog ntxiv, cov tsev tshiab thiab cov tsev lag luam pib tshwm sim. Ntau thiab ntau lub khw tau raug tsim. Cov tsev uas thaum chiv keebtau tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xauj lawv tawm, pib mus xauj rau private ua lag luam rau lub khw. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov xwm txheej no tsuas yog nrog cov hauv qab hauv qab. Raws li cov tsev nyob sab saud, lawv tseem npaj rau vaj tse lossis rau qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm me.

Eclectic architectural style, yam ntxwv nta

Vim qhov tseeb tias cov tuam tsev tau loj hlob tas li, lawv tau sim kho kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam ntau li ntau tau kom nyiam cov xim. Lawv tau ua nws, tau kawg, rau kev tshaj tawm.

Eclectic architecture txawv ntawm nws cov neeg ua ntej hauv kev nplua nuj thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj. Qhov no ua rau cov neeg tsim muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua ntawm kev ua thiab dav ntawm kev xav muaj tswv yim. Eclecticism tso cai rau tib lub sijhawm siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam: Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance, Byzantine, Finnish, pseudo-Lavxias teb sab thiab lwm yam.

Sevastyanov's Estate

Ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws ntawm eclectic style hauv architecture nyob hauv Yekaterinburg. Thiab tseem lub tsev no kuj yog ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Lub tsev yog ib tug zoo siab nom tswv Sevastyanov, uas ua nws nyob rau hauv 1860-1863

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev yog lub tsev kaum tsev nrog ib puag ncig rotunda. Nws tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug classic style. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias cov duab ntawm thawj daim duab ntawm lub tsev Sevastyanov tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no, tsuas yog muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kes duab vajtse rebuilt lub tsev, hloov nws heev, thiab dai kom zoo nkaujtsim nyob rau hauv txhua yam ua tau.

Cov lus dab neeg hauv nroog hais tias Sevastyanov raug nug nyob rau lub sijhawm twg nws nyiam lub tsev. Nws taw tes rau ob peb hom thiab hais tias nws nyiam lawv txhua tus.

Tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua ke txhua yam ib zaug, tab sis hauv tsev niaj hnub txhua tus tuaj yeem pom cov cim ntawm ntau lub sijhawm. Ntawd yog, tus neeg pom txhua yam - los ntawm cov classics: cov kab seem thiab ib puag ncig rotunda nrog lub dome me; los ntawm baroque: cov neeg tseem ceeb pediments saum lub qhov rais ntawm ob pem teb, thiab ib feem tsuas yog los ntawm sab ntawm txoj kev; mus rau Gothic style, reminiscent ntawm Sagrada Familia hauv Barcelona.

Lub tsev feature

Txawm hais tias lub tsev tag nrho tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau lub sijhawm, tus kws tsim vaj tsev txiav txim siab ua kom muaj ntau hom qauv ntxiv me ntsis. Tag nrho cov qhov rais ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog sib txawv, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb, ib tug loj thiab ib tug qauv siv. Nyob rau hauv pem teb ob, txhua yam yog nthuav nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv style. Thiab cov qhov rais ntawm theem peb yog dai kom zoo nkauj txawv, lawv yuav luag square.

Ntawm no yog ntau yam ntsiab lus uas koj tuaj yeem pom. Tag nrho cov no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm eras, uas koj tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si baroque nta thiab cov ntsiab lus classical. Thiab gothic motifs muab kev ywj pheej los ua si nrog ntau hom.

Uvarovs 'tsev tsev

Lub sijhawm ntawm eclecticism yog thaum nws tuaj yeem tsim txhua yam koj xav tau thiab tsim cov tsev raws li koj xav tau. Thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov kev hloov no pib vam meej nyob rau hauv Russia.

Tab sis tus nqi ntawm kev tsim eclectic architecture siab dhau lawm, yog li cov tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws tsuas yog cov tsev pej xeem, cov tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws.

Saib ntawm lub tsev ntawm Uvarovs, cov thawj coj hauv nroog, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv classicism style, ib tug tuaj yeem nkag siab txog qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv lub nroog. Hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm lub tsev, pib, yog qhov yooj yim heev. Lub tsev tau dai kom yooj yim thiab concisely. Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm eclecticism, classicism tau tswj kom meej.

Lub tsev yuav tsum zoo li laconic, tsis muaj kev ywj pheej raug tso cai nyob rau hauv lub facades ntawm lub tsev, nrog rau cov tsev kho kom zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, cov tsev ntawm cov pej xeem ib txwm muaj feem ntau nruj facades, nrog me me los yog tsis muaj architectural kho kom zoo nkauj.

Thaum lub sijhawm eclecticism sawv hauv architecture, txhua tus tswv tsev tuaj yeem kho lub tsev raws li nws xav tau. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ua ib lub tsev ntawm daim ntawv no raws li tus tswv xav tau, ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov khw uas nws xav siv nws tus kheej. Txhua yam khoom dai nws nyiam, feem ntau, koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam.

Lub nroog vam meej thiab coj tus kheej ntawm ib tus neeg lub tsev. Qhov no tshwm sim vim lawv tsim tsis zoo li ib leeg. Nws yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim rau Uvarovs cov cuab yeej cuab tam.

Special Buildings

Lwm lub tsev tseem ceeb yog Zagainov lub tsev. Nws yog ib tug neeg ua haujlwm me me hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam, tom qab ntawd tawm ntawm qhov kev pabcuam thiab pib ua lag luam hauv cov khoom ci ntawm lub khw noj mov. Zagainov tsis rov tsim nws lub tsev ntawm behest ntawm zam. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau hloov pauv, thiab qhov no tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1872 ua tsaug rau tus kws kes duab vajtse Reutov. Nov yog ib tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws.

Lub tsev notshwj xeeb. Zagainov lub tsev yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm eclecticism, nws yog pom tau hais tias ntau npaum li cas lub tsev txawv ntawm lub yav dhau los version ntawm lub qub txeeg qub tes nrog lub qhov muag liab qab.

Architect Reutov siv ntau hom stucco moldings los kho lub tsev, txhua lub ntsiab lus tau ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Ua tsaug rau lub zeem muag no, lub tsev hloov mus rau qhov zoo nkauj heev.

Los ntawm 1910 txog 1916, Belinsky Library, thawj lub tsev qiv ntawv pej xeem hauv Yekaterinburg, nyob hauv Zagainov lub tsev. "Belinka" tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1899 los ntawm kev pib ntawm cov neeg ntiag tug thiab tau muab npe tom qab cov neeg sau ntawv thuam Vissarion Belinsky hauv xyoo 1916. Nws tsiv los ntawm Zagainov lub tsev mus rau nws tus kheej lub tsev, ua rau Voznesensky Prospekt. Txawm hais tias lub tsev tau siv zog, nws tseem nyob hauv nws daim ntawv qub.

Modern eclecticism

Kev sib xyaw ua ke sab hauv yog yooj yim ua. Saib ncig ntawm cov tsev uas muaj kev sib txawv, koj tuaj yeem hais txog qee yam qauv.

Thaum nws los txog rau cov xim uas siv tau, qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Cov Ntshav Txhaum, uas yog tsim los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Alfred Aleksandrovich Parland. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov creation ntawm lub tuam tsev yog raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab style, kos duab historians pom ntau mixs nyob rau hauv tsos. Nws yog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav uas nyiam ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim lub tsev no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xim.

Ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke ntawm ntau yamCov qauv tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Moscow - qhov no yog Lopatina lub tsev loj. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub tsev no yog Alexander Kaminsky.

Lub tsev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub ntsiab façade ntawm lub tsev yog sawv cev los ntawm txoj siv sia ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais ntawm thawj pem teb, ib tug series ntawm archivolts ntawm ib tug dav frieze, piers ntawm lub qhov rais thiab cov vuas khaws cia nyob rau hauv lawv cov thawj daim ntawv.. Lub qhov rais semi-circular yog tsim rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman arcade. Kem, ces kaum ntawm risalit thiab facade, sandriks nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peb feem kokoshniks decorate lub qhov rais ntawm ob pem teb. Keeled kokoshniks ua tiav kab ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm peb pem teb. Lub ru tsev siab pyramidal nrog rau qhov qhib qhov siab ntawm lub voj voog qhia txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev thiab teeb tsa lub tsev sib nrug los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txoj kev. Lub laj kab forged ntawm xyoo pua 19th khaws cia hauv nws daim ntawv qub tau ua tib yam li lub tsev.

Phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov yeeb yuj ntsej muag cib tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsiab façade. Ob-tone ceramic inserts mimic tus ntoo khaub lig-stitch qauv. Pem hauv ntej ob lub qhov rooj nrog arched saum yog nyob rau sab ntawm Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street. Sab hauv layout ntawm lub tsev yog txawv los ntawm cylindrical thiab sail vaults nrog demoulding nyob rau hauv qab daus thiab chav nyob rau hauv pem teb.

Lopatina lub tsev yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev thiab nws cov eclectic interiors.

Eclectic style interior

Precisely matched muted color accents on material forms. Cov neeg tsim qauv tswj hwm ua phooj ywg nrog ntau yam qauv. Eclecticism yog sib xyaw. Ib tug zoo tib yam chandelier framing lub qhov rais nrog ib tug niaj hnubci chav ua noj. Los yog dub lacquered stainless hlau thiab zebrano. Los yog steel tawv nyob rau hauv sab hauv ua ke nrog faded rose phab ntsa. Cov no yog tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm eclecticism.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo nkauj ua ke nrog cov hniav plaster hauv cov xim liab me ntsis tuaj yeem tsim kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis nco qab txog Art Deco.

Ib qho ntawm kev nthuav qhia uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv yog lub suab lag luam hauv sab hauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum muaj qee qhov txawv txav hauv qhov sib ntxiv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-paub lub tsev, nws zoo li tus kws kes duab vajtse uas nws tsis yog heev nthuav kom tsuas yog muab tso rau ib tug phab ntsa, yog li ntawd nws tsim ib tug tag nrho xinesmas tsis siv cov khoom loj. Kev tsom xam tau muab tso rau qhov tob ntawm cov khoom siv, lub teeb thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo. Nws yog tag nrho cov no uas tau muab cov kev xav sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab los ntawm cov tsos ntawm mini-cinema.

Ntxiv rau sab hauv

Nws ntseeg tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm eclecticism tau yooj yim, tshwj xeeb, los ntawm cov chaw uas muaj kev lag luam thiab cov neeg sib txawv. Lub fusion ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai pom kev qhia nyob rau hauv architecture thiab sab hauv tsim. Thaum xub thawj, lub ntsiab lus ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj tau nrov. Nws yog nws uas tau taug qab hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm ntau lub tsev. Piv txwv li, oriental motifs suab nyob rau sab hauv ntawm chav pw thiab los ntawm daim iav ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev uas ua rau cov chav nyob. Uas ua tiav lub sab hauv nyob rau hauv sib txawv ntxoov, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv. Cov khoom me me xws li lub rooj, uas, ua hauv kub, yuav ua rau daim duab nplua nuj thiab zoo nkauj dua.

Los ntawm kev tsim lub tsev hauv eclectic style, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias sab hauv yuav txawv ntawm nws tus kheej. Tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias kev ua si nrog qhov sib txawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.