National Library of France: chaw nyob, hu, qhib sijhawm, xaiv phau ntawv thiab nqe lus qiv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txhua lub nroog hauv ntiaj teb muaj nws lub tsev qiv ntawv, thiab qhov chaw - ntau dua ib qho. Cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv nroog loj loj, hauv cov me me lawv me, yuav luag compact. Thiab nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw muaj xws li phau ntawv depositories uas paub rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no. Piv txwv li, National Library ntawm Fabkis nyob Paris - tsuas yog cov tub nkeeg tsis tau hnov txog nws. Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm phau ntawv no, peb yuav pom ntxiv!

Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Tebchaws Fabkis: keeb kwm

thawj yam uas lub tsev qiv ntawv Fab Kis loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb muaj npe nrov yog nws hnub nyoog. Thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev - lub tsev phau ntawv no yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias hnub tsim tsa ntawm Fab Kis Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Tebchaws tau suav tias yog xyoo 1994, nws keeb kwm nyob hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv tus kheej ntawm huab tais Fabkis. Xws li, piv txwv li, raws li Charles V, uas zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv nyob deb XIV xyoo pua. Thaum xub thawj nws pib sau nws phau ntawv sau ua ib txoj hauv kev uas tom qab ntawd nws yuav xa mus rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus huab tais tau siab dav heev thiab tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm nrog cov phau ntawv los ntawm nws tus kheej sau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau tso cai ntau phau ntawv rov sau dua, thiab qee qhov nws txawm hais kom "txhais lus rau cov neeg." Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev ua siab zoo ua rau nws yuam kev: cov txheeb ze muaj koob muaj npe tau luam tawm los ntawm kev sau thiab tsis rov qab los. Yog li, txhua yam uas huab tais tau tswj kom sau tau raug nyiag, thiab tawm ntawm ntau tshaj 1200 phau ntawv, ib qho kev mob siab rau thaum kawg tau tso tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog nws, cov phau ntawv no, uas yog "progenitor" ntawm National Library of France (hauv daim duab hauv qab no, lub tsev qiv ntawv chav nyeem ntawv).

rooj plaub ntawm Charles V tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Louis XI. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog nws txuas ntxiv, tab sis xyaum pib dua. Cov ntawv luam uas tseem tshuav los ntawm kev sau ntawm nws tus thawj coj, nws ntxiv rau kev sau ntawm nws txiv thiab yawg. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau nthuav dav lub tsev qiv ntawv los ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm Dukes of Milan thiab, ib feem, Petrarch sau. Thiab Francis Thawj, thaum lub hwj chim dhau mus rau nws, ntxiv cov khoom muaj koob muaj npe nrog kev sau tus kheej. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog nyob rau hauv Francis tias yav tom ntej National Library ntawm Fabkis tau txais xws li cov neeg ua hauj lwm li bookbinders, lub taub hau tsev qiv ntawv thiab pab librarians.

Francis thawj nyiam nyeem. Muaj lus dab neeg hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev mus ncig ua si huab tais tau nrog ib lub thawv ntawv. Zoo li nws los yog tsis, nws nyuaj rau hais, ib yam yog paub tseeb - huab tais pheej tau txais cov phau ntawv tshiab rau kev sau, suav nrog txawv teb chaws, yog li ntawd thaum lub sij hawm nws kav lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj koob muaj npe yog qhov tseem ceeb.nthuav tawm.

Txoj hmoo ntxiv

Xyoo 1546, lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Fab Kis cov vaj ntxwv tau qhib rau ntau tus neeg nyeem. Tab sis thaum Louis XIII tau nce lub zwm txwv (XVII caug xyoo), qhov kev tso cai no raug muab tso tseg, phau ntawv tso nyiaj rov qab los ua vaj ntxwv xwb. Rov qab nkag mus rau cov qhua tsuas yog nrog tus huab tais tom ntej.

Nyob rau hauv nws, Louis XIV, lub tsev qiv ntawv tau ntxiv nrog ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig: phau ntawv, ntawv sau, kos duab, duab me me, kos duab thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho lawv hnub rov qab mus rau ntau xyoo thiab tau pub dawb rau Fabkis qhov chaw cia khoom los ntawm cov neeg sib txawv kiag li. Qhov no tas mus li ntxiv rau lub tsev qiv ntawv txuas ntxiv.

National Library of France

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Kev Tsov Rog Fab Kis Loj tau tshwm sim, vim tias lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm vajntxwv tau raug tebchaws. Yav tas los hu ua huab tais, tam sim no nws tau txais lub tebchaws. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntawv sau tau ntxiv nrog ntau cov ntawv tsis tshua muaj, tshwj xeeb, cov phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj los ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Fabkis: ntau dua li cuaj txhiab phau ntawv tsuas muaj ib phau, thiab ob peb ntawm lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv ib zaug. Txawm li ntawd los, lub tsev qiv ntawv yog ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, loj heev uas nyob rau hauv lub lig 60s ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo lub tsev loj tshiab tau tsim rau nws, qhov twg tag nrho cov phau ntawv tau dawb do tso. Lub National Library of France vam meej.

sijhawm tshiab

Thaum pib ntawm 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, National Library of France muaj ntau tshaj cuaj lab phau ntawv. Txawm tus qublub tsev loj loj (los ntawm txoj kev, keeb kwm) tau dhau los ua nruj rau ntau daim ntawv luam. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub tsev qiv ntawv tag nrho ntawm plaub lub tsev. Nws sawv ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Seine. Cov nyiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sau tau yooj yim nyob rau ntawd, thaum lwm cov phau ntawv nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw qub.

Hnub no yog lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev siv tshuab, thaum twg cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv Is Taws Nem, suav nrog cov phau ntawv. Yog vim li ntawd txhua lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv ntiaj teb tau ua kom digitize lawv cov khoom muaj nqis thiab muab tso rau hauv Ntiaj Teb Wide Web. Ib qho ntawm thawj kauj ruam no yog National Library of France. Tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv net (cov ntawv sau Fabkis tam sim no muaj ntau dua li peb caug lab cov khoom), tab sis ntau heev, muaj ntau heev rau kev siv online. Ntau tshaj li ob thiab ib nrab txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub repository, yog li nws yog rightfully suav hais tias yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov phau ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm.

Khoom ua haujlwm hom

Cov ntawv sau tseem ceeb ntawm National Library of France tau qhib rau txhua tus neeg txhua hnub. Lawv hu ua François Mitterrand Library thiab ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no: hnub Monday ntawm 14:00 txog 20:00, tab sis tsuas yog rau cov kws tshawb fawb; Hnub Tuesday txog Hnub Saturday los ntawm 09:00 teev sawv ntxov txog 20:00 teev tsaus ntuj; Hnub Sunday - thaum 13:00 txog 19:00 teev.

The Richelieu Library - lub tsev thib ob ntawm Fabkis qhov chaw cia khoom, qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib hnub Monday txog hnub Saturday thaum 10:00 txog 18:00. Hnub Sundayntawm no - ib hnub so, nrog rau hauv lub tsev thib peb, lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Arsenal. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau txais tos los ntawm 10:00 txog 18:00 hnub ua haujlwm, thiab thaum 10:00 txog 17:00 hnub Saturday.

Thaum kawg, lub tsev thib plaub, Opera Library Tsev khaws puav pheej, qhib rau hnub hauv ib lub lis piam, tshwj tsis yog hnub Sunday, txij li kaum thaum sawv ntxov txog tsib yav tsaus ntuj.

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj

Raws li koj tuaj yeem twv, National Library of France muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob. Ntawm no yog cov hauv qab no.

Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv François Mitterrand nyob ntawm: Quai François-Mauriac 75706 Paris Cedex 13

• The Richelieu Library nyob ntawm no: 58, rue de Richelieu 75002 Paris.
• Arsenal Library nyob ntawm 1, rue Sully 75004 Paris.
• Thaum kawg, qhov chaw nyob ntawm Opera Library Tsev khaws puav pheej - Qhov chaw de l'Opéra 75009 Paris.

Lo lus "rue" hauv qhov chaw nyob txhais tau tias "txoj kev", "qhov chaw" txhais tau tias "square".

Yuav ua li cas los ua tus nyeem?

Txhua tus yuav raug tso cai rau hauv National Library of France, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus yuav tau txais phau ntawv. Yuav ua li cas los ua tus nyeem ntawv thiab tau txais cov khoom muaj nqis hauv koj txhais tes?

Nws yooj yim heev. Lub tsev qiv ntawv tau muab faib ua ob - scientific thiab kev kawm. Thawj qhov nkag tsuas yog tso cai rau cov neeg tau txais kev lees paub txij li hnub nyoog kaum yim uas ua haujlwm tshawb fawb los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv lossis ntawm nws tus kheej. Txhua tus neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog kaum rau yog tso cai rau lub thib ob, yog tias koj yuav ib tug subscription. Yog li tuaj, yuav thiab nyeem txog kev noj qab haus huv.

Reviews

Kev tshuaj xyuas txog Bibliothèque nationale de France feem ntau yog qhov zoo. Cov neegqhuas tsis tau tsuas yog cov phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj sau ntawm no, tab sis kuj yog cov architecture ntawm cov tsev keeb kwm. Lawv sau tias lub tsev qiv ntawv lossi hosts ntau yam thematic expositions.

Nov yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm National Library of France. Yog tias koj nyob Paris - mus saib, vim nws zoo dua pom ib zaug dua hnov ib puas zaug!