Literature 2024, Lub kaum hli ntuj
Lyceum lyrics los ntawm Pushkin A. S. Kev tsom xam thiab cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm
Pushkin's lyceum lyrics yog cov paj huam uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub teeb. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lawv, tus sau manifests nws tus kheej raws li ib tug tiag tiag tswv ntawm lo lus, muaj peev xwm tig prose rau hauv paj huam ntawm lub neej
Fonvizin cov haujlwm: daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm
Dab tsi ua haujlwm ntawm Fonvizin paub rau cov neeg nyeem niaj hnub no. Tseeb tiag "Undergrowth". Tom qab tag nrho, comedy yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Nws paub tias tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias tau sau cov ntawv tseem ceeb-kev txhais lus ntawm cov kws sau ntawv txawv teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, Fonvizin tej hauj lwm tsis txwv rau kev sau ntawv thiab sau ntawv hais txog cov neeg tsis paub lus Prostakov tsev neeg. Yuav ua li cas lwm tus creator ntawm tsev neeg comedy sau? Thiab vim li cas, hauv nws lub xyoo poob qis, nws nyuaj rau tus sau phau ntawv The Undergrowth los tshaj tawm n
Nom tswv ditties: pej xeem thiab sau tus ditties, nom tswv lus dab neeg
Peb txhua tus paub zoo li ib hom paj huam li ditties. Lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj yog dab tsi? Chastushkas yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev nco qab, suab paj nruag, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev xav tob heev. Interestingly, hu nkauj ntawm ditties tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau lub koob tsheej. Luv luv, plaub kab lus sib dhos yog tsim los ntawm cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb. Dav dav ntawm cov neeg, piv txwv li, kev nom kev tswv ditties
Vladimir Bukovsky: biography, phau ntawv, tus kheej lub neej thiab tsev neeg
Vladimir Bukovsky yog tus kws sau ntawv hauv tebchaws nrov. Ib tug neeg paub zoo txog pej xeem thiab nom tswv, nws raug suav hais tias yog ib tus tsim ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws raug yuam kom siv sijhawm 12 xyoo hauv kev kho mob thiab hauv tsev loj cuj. Xyoo 1976, USSR tau pauv nws rau Chilean communist Luis Corvalan. Bukovsky mus rau UK
Yuav ua li cas yog ib phau ntawv txhais lus: lub ntsiab lus, hom
Kev paub txog tib neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev vam meej. Los ntawm ib puas xyoo mus rau ib puas xyoo, cov ntaub ntawv tau sau thiab xa mus rau cov xov xwm yooj yim tshaj plaws. Cov tsev qiv ntawv loj, archives, databases, tag nrho cov no yog ib lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Cais kev paub arrays generalized los ntawm lub ncauj lus daim ntawv encyclopedias. Nws yog hais txog lawv tias peb tsab xov xwm yuav yog
Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug Vladislav Khodasevich: biography thiab creativity
Khodasevich's biography yog paub zoo rau txhua tus neeg paub thiab nyiam cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog ib tug nrov Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug, memoirist, Pushkinist, literary historian, thiab critic. Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias hauv xyoo pua 20th
"Tsev Neeg Dais" - cov ntsiab lus hauv prose
Hnub no peb yuav xav txog Pushkin zaj dab neeg "Txog Xyooj". Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau muab hauv qab no. Annenkov luam tawm cov hauj lwm no nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 1855 nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv "Cov ntaub ntawv rau ib tug biography"
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Lub hnub qub teb". Rubtsov raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ntsiag to lyrics
Rubtsov yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov lus nyob ntsiag to. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm paj huam "Lub Hnub Qub ntawm Teb" feem ntau muab ua haujlwm. Rubtsov ua nyob rau hauv nws raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug-philosopher
A. A. Akhmatova: "Kev ua siab loj". Analysis ntawm paj huam
Txawm tias cov kws sau paj lug uas zam cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo tau tig mus rau cov teeb meem keeb kwm thaum xyoo tsov rog. Piv txwv li, A. A. Akhmatova. "Kev ua siab loj" (kev tshuaj xyuas tau lees paub qhov no) yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm acmeistic nqe, thaum txoj haujlwm, tau kawg, tau tsim los txhawb kev hlub
Akhmatova txog kev hlub. Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Clenched nws txhais tes nyob rau hauv ib tug tsaus veil"
Anna Akhmatova - tus poj niam kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam. Kev tsom xam ntawm paj huam "Nws clenched nws ob txhais tes nyob rau hauv ib tug maub daim ntaub thaiv npog" qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas vividly thiab lub siab lub ntsws Akhmatova yuav hais txog kev hlub, siv cov lus yooj yim
Epithets, metaphors, personifications, kev sib piv hauv poetic thiab qhov ncauj hais lus
Kev hais lus, lus piv txwv, tus kheej, kev sib piv ua rau kev hais lus nplua nuj thiab nthuav tawm ntau dua. Yog tsis muaj cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom xav txog cov lus tseeb, thiab qhov ncauj hais ib yam nkaus
Kev tshuaj ntsuam kev sau ntawv: "Kuv tuaj nrog koj nyob zoo" A.A. Feta
Raws li qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam qhia, "Kuv tuaj rau koj nrog kev tos txais" yog qhov piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm Fet lub tswv yim. Raws li tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev kos duab ntshiab, Afanasy Afanasevich tau them nyiaj zoo rau qhov xwm txheej, tab sis qhov xwm txheej hauv nws cov paj huam yeej ib txwm txuas nrog tib neeg
Kev tshuaj ntsuam kev sau ntawv: Tyutchev zaj paj huam "Nws zaum hauv pem teb "
Lub Npe Tyutchev yog ib tug kws sau paj huam uas xav tsis thoob yog qhov raug tswj los piav txog tib neeg kev paub. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas pom, Tyutchev cov paj huam "Nws zaum hauv pem teb …" yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm cov nkauj romantic, qhov twg tus kws sau paj huam tuaj yeem qhia nws tus kheej tsis yog tsuas yog tus tswv ntawm cov lus, tab sis kuj yog tus kws kho mob hlwb
M.Yu. Lermontov "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev": tsom xam ntawm paj huam
Ib tus kws sau paj huam tshaj plaws - M. Yu. Lermontov. "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev", qhov kev tshuaj xyuas uas ua los ntawm txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv, yog ib zaj paj huam kawg ntawm tus sau. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws sau ib tug peculiar tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho nws cov hauj lwm poetic
Evgeny Bazarov: daim duab ntawm tus protagonist, Bazarov tus cwj pwm ntawm lwm tus
Bazarov yog lub cim tseem ceeb hauv Turgenev tus tshiab "Txiv thiab Tub". Bazarov tus cwj pwm rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws pab kom paub meej ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws tus cwj pwm
Phau ntawv txog xwm: yuav xaiv nyeem dab tsi rau tus menyuam?
Phau ntawv hais txog xwm yeem tso cai tsis yog los qhia tus menyuam nyeem xwb, tab sis kuj tsim cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li kev ua siab zoo, hwm ib puag ncig, kev hlub tshua
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam "Lub Zos": cov ntsiab lus ideological, muaj pes tsawg leeg, txhais tau tias kev qhia
Kev tsom xam ntawm Pushkin zaj paj huam "Lub Zos" tso cai rau peb tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus sau cov lus hais nom tswv. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws qhia nws tus cwj pwm ntawm lub Motherland, contradictory, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm sov so heev
Raskolnikov txoj kev xav hauv qhov tshiab "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim" thiab nws qhov kev debunking
Raskolnikov txoj kev xav hauv qhov tshiab "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim" yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab. Dostoevsky refutes nws, asserting humanism thiab yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov ntseeg Vajtswv cov lus txib
Kev piav qhia ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv kev kos duab: yuav ua li cas sau ntawv?
Kev muaj peev xwm sau ntawv yog ib qho txuj ci uas yug los. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem kawm tau los ntawm kev xyaum thiab txhawb koj cov lus. Piav txog lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv kev kos duab yog ib lub ntsiab lus nplua nuj thiab nthuav heev
Poj niam cov duab hauv qhov tshiab "Txiv thiab Tub": semantic thiab kos duab tseem ceeb
Cov duab poj niam hauv qhov tshiab "Txiv thiab Tub" feem ntau hla dhau, txawm hais tias lawv tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab nws txoj kev ncaj ncees
Cov ntsiab lus thiab teeb meem ntawm Lermontov cov haujlwm
Cov teeb meem ntawm Lermontov cov haujlwm tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv kev thuam kev sau ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Mikhail Yuryevich muab cov av dav rau kev xav, nws ntaus nrog nws qhov tob, nrog rau ntau yam ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav hauv lawv
Daim duab ntawm St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Lub Overcoat". N.V. Gogol, "Overcoat"
Ib qho chaw txaus nyiam tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm N.V. Gogol yog cov duab ntawm St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Lub Overcoat" lub nroog ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged hero koom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej
Daim duab ntawm tus poj niam laus Izergil ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm Gorky zaj dab neeg
Daim duab ntawm tus poj niam laus Izergil hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm M. Gorky yog qhov nyuaj thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab tus neeg sau lub hom phiaj, nrog rau kev tsim kho ntawm txoj haujlwm
Qhov twg zoo dua: qhov tseeb lossis kev khuv leej (raws li Gorky ua si "Ntawm hauv qab")
Dab tsi zoo dua: qhov tseeb lossis kev khuv leej - lo lus nug no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm Gorky hauv nws qhov kev ua si "Ntawm hauv qab". Nyeem ntxiv
Ntawm Yesenin's love lyrics. Essay on Yesenin's love lyrics
S. A. Yesenin rightfully considers tus singer ntawm kev hlub, uas yog embodied nyob rau hauv nws ua hauj lwm brightly. Lub peculiarity ntawm Yesenin txoj kev hlub lyrics yog ib lub ntsiab lus nthuav heev rau ib tsab ntawv los yog ib qho kev sau ntawv
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm zaj paj huam "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev": hom nta, ntsiab lus thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov paj huam "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev" qhia txog lub zog ntawm M.Yu. Lermontov. Cov hauj lwm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws masterpiece ntawm lyric paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19
Lub ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe ntawm kev ua si "Thunderstorm"
A.N. Ostrovsky tau los ua tus kws ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 19th. Nws ua si "Thunderstorm" yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub neej ntawm lub nroog Volga
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv cov lus ntawm Lermontov (luv luv)
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov cov lus yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj. Nws yog feem ntau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub lig tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug
Gilbert Chesterton. Creativity ntawm tus sau
In 2003 Gilbert Chesterton's autobiography tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Tus txiv neej nrog lub Golden Key". Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, nws, feem ntau lees paub tus sau ntawm polemic, tham txog nws tus kheej thiab nws txoj kev ntseeg. Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi Gilbert Chesterton tau qhuas yav dhau los, tsis hais nws sau dab tsi los yog thuam, nws raug kev txom nyem txog tam sim no. Txawm hais tias peb xav li cas txog nws cov lus xaus thiab cov lus qhia, ib qho tseem ceeb - nws tsis yooj yim rau kev hlub nrog ib tug neeg uas hlub neeg tiag tiag, txhawj xeeb txog lawv thiab xav pab lawv tiag tiag
Pierre Beaumarchais: luv luv biography thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev muaj tswv yim
Pierre Beaumarchais yog tus kws sau ntawv Fab Kis zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus sau uas tau txais koob meej thoob ntiaj teb ua tsaug rau nws cov haujlwm tsis txawj tuag txog Figaro uas muaj zog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas, txawm tias nws qhov kev ua ub ua no, nws tau los ua neeg nyiam tom qab tso tawm ntawm trilogy txog tus kws txiav plaub hau zoo nkauj thiab zoo siab, uas tom qab ntawd rov qab los ua tus suav tus thawj coj
“Antonov apples”: tsom xam thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg los ntawm I.A. Bunin
Yog tias koj pib kawm zaj dab neeg ntawm Ivan Alekseevich Bunin "Antonov txiv apples" hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm qib siab, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm no yuav pab koj nkag siab zoo dua nws lub ntsiab lus, nrhiav seb tus kws sau ntawv xav qhia dab tsi rau cov nyeem
Epics rau qib 4: ib daim ntawv teev npe, cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee qhov
Kev kawm epics tso cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm txog cov dab neeg uas tsim los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 10-11 xyoos dhau los ntawm epics hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Qib 4 yog lub hnub nyoog tsim nyog kom paub txog cov phab ej uas yog cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov haujlwm no
"Christ's boy on the tree": summary. "Yexus tus tub ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas" (F.M. Dostoevsky)
"Tus Tub ntawm Tswv Yexus Ntoo" yog ib zaj dab neeg sau los ntawm Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws sau ntawv nto moo qhia nws cov kev xav nrog cov neeg nyeem, ua kom pom los ntawm sab nraud dab tsi tib neeg indifference coj mus rau, tuaj nrog qhov zoo thiab zoo kawg, uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog ib daim duab ntawm kev npau suav, tab sis kuj yog qhov tseeb.
Ib luv luv rov qab ntawm Gogol's "Overcoat" tshooj los ntawm tshooj
Cov menyuam kawm ntawv niaj hnub no tsis tshua nkag siab cov lus thiab cov qauv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nto moo yav dhau los, yog li qee qhov haujlwm nyuaj nyeem kom kawg. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub txog cov classics, ntxiv rau, cov dab neeg zoo li no suav nrog hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Yuav ua li cas? Txhawm rau kawm txog zaj dab neeg ntawm kev ua haujlwm nto moo Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol yuav pab qhia luv luv ntawm "Overcoat"
"Taper": cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg tseeb
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin hauv xyoo 1900 tau sau zaj dab neeg "Taper". Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav ua rau tus nyeem ntawv txuag sijhawm thiab paub txog cov phiaj xwm hauv tsib feeb
John Reed: hnub yug thiab qhov chaw yug, tsev neeg thiab cov menyuam yaus, kev ua haujlwm hauv xov xwm, duab
John Silas Reed yog ib tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm paub zoo, tus neeg ua haujlwm nom tswv uas tau tawm tsam tag nrho nws lub zog los tsim kom muaj lub hwj chim hauv tebchaws. Ib tug neeg Asmeskas, ib haiv neeg ntawm Portland, yug hauv 1887. Hnub yug - Lub Kaum Hli 22. Tus tub hluas tau txais kev kawm zoo nyob rau hauv Harvard, thaum xub thawj nws tau los ua tus sau xov xwm, txawm tias nws tus ntsuj plig thov kom muaj koob meej. Qhov tseeb kheej kheej thiab ib puag ncig uas nws navigated zoo li ib tug ntses nyob rau hauv dej tig tawm los ua ib tug kiv puag ncig
Tolstoy Alexey: ua haujlwm. Sau thiab tshuaj xyuas cov hauj lwm los ntawm Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy
Lub npe Tolstoy hauv peb qhov kev xav tau zoo sib xws nrog kev sau ntawv muaj tswv yim, thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab prose thiab paj huam, muaj ntau li ntau li peb zoo-paub sau ntawv uas hnav nws: Lev Nikolaevich, Alexei Konstantinovich thiab Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Cov hauj lwm sau los ntawm lawv tsis txuas nrog txhua txoj hauv kev, tab sis cov neeg sau ntawv lawv tus kheej tau koom nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntshav, txawm tias nyob deb
Tolstoy phau ntawv. Thaum yau, kev kawm, kev vam meej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm
Tolstoy cov phau ntawv yog paub rau txhua tus neeg kawm ntawv thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lev Nikolaevich yog kab tias yog tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab xav. Nws yim-ntim ua haujlwm "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" txaus ntshai rau qee tus nrog nws cov tsos, lwm tus qhuas qhov tob ntawm kev nthuav dav. Tab sis qhov no yog unambiguous classic, uas yog rightfully suav nrog nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no cov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, Tolstoy cov phau ntawv ua rau nws ib tug paub txog ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub n
Paj huam ntawm Nikolai Gumilyov: tsom xam ntawm paj huam "Hmo ntuj"
Nikolai Gumilyov suav hais tias yog ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Cov paj huam sau "Pearls", uas suav nrog cov paj huam "Hav tsaus ntuj", yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws sau ntawm tus kws sau paj huam
Shakespeare tshuaj ntsuam hloov kho: cov npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov lus piav qhia luv luv
Shakespeare tej hauj lwm tsis nyob rau hauv vain hu ua tsis txawj tuag. Lawv paub yuav luag txhua tus neeg niaj hnub no - qee zaum hauv lawv daim ntawv qub, qee zaum hauv kev xav. Thiab ntau ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab nrov thoob ntiaj teb tau raug tua rau lawv