Literature 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Prishvin M. M
Txawm li cas los xij, Prishvin ci ntsa iab, txawm li cas los xij, txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30, nws tau ua haujlwm npaj sau ntawv ntau dua, zoo li tau txais kev paub ntau ntxiv, txhawm rau tom qab qhia nws tus kheej hauv cov lus sau ua yeeb yam
Kev sib koom ua ke. Hom kev khi cov ntaub ntawv. Npog rau kev khi
Txawm tias cov ntawv e-phau ntawv tau nrov dua txhua hnub, lawv cov ntawv ib txwm muaj tsis tso lawv txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshaj tawm feem ntau nkag siab tias, vim lawv cov nqi siab, cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm yog qhov qis dua rau nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Vim li no, phau ntawv luam tawm thiab kev sib khi thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho tas li. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab tshiab hauv cheeb tsam no yog kev sib koom ua ke. Dab tsi yog nws thiab nws qhov zoo yog dab tsi? Cia peb kawm paub
A. Volkov - nto moo me nyuam sau ntawv
A. Volkov yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb zoo heev, kws qhia ntawv thiab tus txhais lus uas, thaum lub sij hawm nws txoj hauj lwm muaj tswv yim, tau sau ntau yam txuj ci nrov, keeb kwm dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg zoo nkauj, thiab kuj tau txhais ntau yam hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv nrov txawv teb chaws rau hauv Lavxias. Nws tau paub ntau tus neeg nyeem ua tsaug rau ntau phau ntawv me nyuam yaus sau raws li zaj dab neeg los ntawm Asmeskas kws sau ntawv Baum, uas qhia txog Wizard of Oz
Roman Goncharova "Cliff": cov ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim
Goncharov's tshiab "Cliff" yog qhov thib peb thiab zaum kawg ntawm trilogy nto moo, uas kuj suav nrog cov phau ntawv "Ordinary History" thiab "Oblomov". Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, tus sau txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus nrog cov kev xav ntawm lub sixties socialists
Iamb is Iamb, trochee, amphibrach
Lo lus "iamb" yog lub npe Greek thaum ub rau lub suab paj nruag. Nws txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ancient metrics ib tug ob-lub suab, yooj yim, peb-dimensional ko taw (luv + ntev lus). Nyob rau hauv syllabo-tonic versification (Lavxias teb sab, piv txwv li) - qhov no yog ib tug unstressed + stressed suab. Kuj hu ua iambic nqe, uas muaj iambic meters
Lermontov's lyrical hero. Romantic hero nyob rau hauv Lermontov cov lus
Lermontov's lyrical hero yog nthuav thiab ntau yam. Nws kho siab, nws xav khiav tawm ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb uas yuav zoo rau nws. Tab sis nws kuj muaj tib neeg lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho
Boris Zhitkov yog tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus neeg taug kev. Luv luv biography ntawm Boris Zhitkov
Peb leej twg thaum yau tsis tau nyeem cov dab neeg zoo heev txog cov neeg taug kev?! Ntau tus tau nyiam ua haujlwm zoo li no, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tam sim no nco ntsoov tias lawv tus kws sau ntawv yog tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws tshawb fawb Boris Zhitkov. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov biography ntawm tus neeg zoo kawg li niaj hnub no
Lermontov cov haujlwm. Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich: creativity
M. Y. Lermontov yog ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab classic uas yog ib tug ntawm cov brightest thiab zoo nkauj paj huam, prose sau ntawv, playwrights ntawm romantic kev taw qhia. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm kos duab los ntawm Lermontov yog txawv txawv lyrical, superbly tsim thiab yooj yim perceived los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv. Tag nrho nws cov kev sau ntawv tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg ntiaj teb xws li D. G. Byron thiab A. S. Pushkin
Zaj dab neeg "Hmo Hmo Ua Ntej Christmas": cov cim tseem ceeb
Zaj dab neeg "Hmo Hmo Ua Ntej Christmas" tau sau los ntawm Nikolai Gogol thaum ntxov ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Tus kws sau ntawv tau tsim txoj haujlwm no "hauv ib qho pa." Tus sau muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv los sau zaj dab neeg no, txij li thaum nws tau mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm rau kev kawm txog cov dab neeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua uas tau kav hauv lub zos Ukrainian. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, zaj dab neeg "Hmo Hmo Ua Ntej Christmas" amazes nyeem nrog ib tug nplua nuj ntawm cov yeeb yuj dluab nyob
Paj huam "Borodino" Lermontov M. Yu
M. Yu. Lermontov mob siab rau zaj paj huam "Borodino" rau cov xwm txheej ntawm Patriotic War ntawm 1812. Cov haujlwm tau sau 25 xyoo tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb. Thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 1837 hauv Sovremennik magazine
Psychological parallelism hauv cov ntawv nyeem: piv txwv
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav xav txog xws li lub tswv yim sau ntawv raws li kev puas siab puas ntsws parallelism. Feem ntau lo lus no ua rau qee qhov teeb meem nrog kev txhais lus ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus thiab kev ua haujlwm. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav sim piav qhia kom meej raws li qhov ua tau raws li lub tswv yim zoo li cas, yuav ua li cas siv nws hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev kos duab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, thiab qhov koj yuav tsum tau them tshwj xeeb rau
Yesenin's lyrics: sentimentality, peasant patriotism and tavern revelry
Lawv hais tias thaum lub ntiaj teb sib cais, qhov tawg yeej yuav dhau los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Cov kab no zoo kawg nkaus tus yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim ntawm Sergei Yesenin, uas tau los ntawm txoj hmoo los ua neej nyob thiab tsim ntawm ob lub sijhawm. Tej zaum yog vim li no, Yesenin cov lus tau sau rau lub siab nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev xav
Ostrovsky cov haujlwm: cov npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Ostrovsky thawj ua hauj lwm
Centuries dhau mus, tab sis cov hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich tseem sau tag nrho cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub ua theem ntawm lub teb chaws, lees paub cov kab lus ntawm I. Goncharov: "… tom qab koj, peb, Russians, muaj peev xwm hais tias: peb muaj peb tus kheej Lavxias teb sab, lub teb chaws ua yeeb yam ". Qhov tshwm sim ntawm 40 xyoo ntawm kev muaj tswv yim kev ua si ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo yog thawj (txog 50), tsim los ntawm kev sib koom tes, kho thiab txhais ua yeeb yam
"Ntxhais Nyiaj". Zaj dab neeg ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai
Tus tshiab "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Silver. Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Lub Sijhawm ntawm Ivan the Terrible" tau sau los ntawm AK. Tolstoy tom qab kev tuag ntawm Emperor Nicholas I. Tus kws sau ntawv tau xav ntev los ua nws txoj kev npaj rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv - kom xav txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev kav ntawm Ivan IV, kev lim hiam ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas, ntsiag to txo hwj chim thiab kev txom nyem ntawm Lavxias teb sab. neeg
Kev ntxhov siab "Iphigenia hauv Aulis": cov ntsiab lus
Raws li koj paub, ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus nrov tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub yog tsov rog nrog Troy. Ancient playwrights piav ntau yam cim ntawm no lus dab neeg. Zaj dab neeg ntawm Iphigenia tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov nrog lawv. Cov xwm txheej Aeschylus, Sophocles, thiab Roman playwrights Ennius thiab Nevius tau sau txog nws txoj hmoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov haujlwm no yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm Euripides "Iphigenia hauv Aulis". Cia peb kawm seb nws hais txog dab tsi
Haruki Murakami, "Norwegian Hav Zoov": tshuaj xyuas, cov ntsiab lus, tsom xam, quotes
Cov haujlwm ntawm Haruki Murakami tsis tau txais los ntawm txhua tus nyeem. Nyob rau hauv lawv, tus sau phau ntawv Japanese muab lub tswv yim nrog ib zaj lus piv txwv txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm tib neeg. Tus kws sau ntawv tshiab "Norwegian Forest" zoo li cas?
Zaj dab neeg ntawm Ryaba tus qaib thiab nws lub ntsiab lus. Kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm zaj dab neeg txog qaib Ryaba
Zaj dab neeg hais txog qaib Ryaba paub txhua tus txij thaum yau. Nws yooj yim nco qab, cov me nyuam hlub nws heev
Ivan Shamyakin: biography thiab creativity
Ivan Petrovich Shamyakin yog kev khav theeb ntawm Belarus, tus kws sau ntawv nto moo uas tau ua lub neej ntawm tus neeg muaj kev vam meej. Nws thawj qhov tshiab tau txais txiaj ntsig Stalin nqi zog, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm, lub ntsiab lus uas yog Great Patriotic War, tau ua yeeb yaj kiab
Memoirs yog Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "memoirs"
Memoirs yog lub sijhawm zoo los qhia rau cov menyuam yaus txog cov xwm txheej tseeb ntawm koj lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus kheej tus kheej, kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau-thiab-kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub neej. Kev xav nplua nuj ntawm cov lus piav qhia yuav pab kom hnov tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub sijhawm, kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus sau txoj kev xav. Kev paub lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig ua rau memoirs ua piv txwv tseem ceeb rau cov tiam tom ntej
Paj huam by I.S. Turgenev "Aub", "Sparrow", "Lavxias teb sab lus": tsom xam. Ib tug paj huam nyob rau hauv Turgenev lub prose: ib daim ntawv teev cov
Raws li qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom, cov paj huam hauv Turgenev cov lus hais - txhua tus uas peb tau txiav txim siab - belongs rau cov haujlwm sab saum toj ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv. Kev hlub, kev tuag, kev hlub tshua - cov ntsiab lus no tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg, tus sau tau kov
Irony, satire, lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog Peb soj ntsuam hom comic
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhais cov lus comic. Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau koj los nthuav tawm, tshem tawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub neej, thiab nrog luag zoo tib yam
Anapest, dactyl, amphibrach yog Wb tham txog 'meter
Cov kws sau ntawv sau qhia txog kev ntsuas thiab kev hais lus, thiab thawj, sawv cev los ntawm tej hauj lwm qub, cov lus Lavxias teb sab, yog qub dua. Accent versification yog subdivided, nyob rau hauv lem, mus rau hauv tonic, syllabic thiab syllabic-tonic systems
Dontsova cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim: cov npe tau muab
Cov ntawv tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv nrov yog ua raws li peb tus ncej, peb hom - fantasy, romance thiab detective. Cov zajlus ntawm lub tom kawg yog tsim raws li ib tug kom meej meej tswvyim, los ntawm uas tus sau tsis tau deviate (tshwj tsis yog, ntawm chav kawm, nws xav kom cov phau ntawv nrov)
Block cycle: tsom xam. Blok, "Nyob ntawm Kulikovo Field"
"Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tau tshwm sim hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv tom qab Tyutchev," yog li cas tus kws sau ntawv paub zoo K. Mochulsky tau piav qhia txog lub voj voog, ntawm nws txoj haujlwm no tsom xam raws li. Thaiv "Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm Kulikovo" sau nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm cov xwm txheej kev puas tsuaj uas txiav txim ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho cov txoj hmoo ntawm Russia
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm paj huam "Huab" los ntawm Lermontov
Plaub Hlis 1840. Lermontov yuav tau mus rau lub Caucasus - zaum ob - vim hais tias ntawm ib tug duel nrog tus tub ntawm tus Fabkis Ambassador. Tus kws sau paj huam hais lus zoo rau nws cov phooj ywg, nws iab thiab tu siab rau nws paub tias tag kis nws yuav ncaim nws lub tebchaws mus
Daniil Kharms: biography, txoj kev muaj tswv yim
1928. Leningrad House of Press tau zoo siab los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg sau ntawv npau taws uas hu lawv tus kheej Oberiuts. Lawv tau hais cov nqe lus uas sau tsis txaus ntseeg, ua rau tus neeg tsis paub qab hau "Elizaveta Bam", thiab, rau saum nws tag nrho, lawv tau pom lub ntiaj teb ua yeeb yaj kiab montage nrog lub npe cog lus "Nqaij Grinder". Tus thawj ntawm Oberiuts yog Daniil Kharms, uas nws biography yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm no
"Fedorino tu siab": tus sau, nws biography, tsom xam ntawm zaj dab neeg
"Lub Tsokotukha ya", "Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab", "Fedorino's Woe" - tus sau ntawm cov hauj lwm no yog paub. Chukovsky txoj haujlwm, npaj rau cov menyuam yaus, yog qhov zoo heev. Txawm hais tias qee qhov ntawm nws cov dab neeg muaj hnub nyoog 90 xyoo, lawv tsis poob lawv qhov tseeb, coj kev xyiv fab tiag tiag rau cov menyuam yaus thiab qhia lawv tib lub sijhawm. Thiab dab tsi ntxiv yuav tsum tau los ntawm ib zaj dab neeg tiag tiag?
Leej twg sau "Lub Adventures ntawm Baron Munchausen"? Biography thiab hauj lwm ntawm Rudolf Erich Raspe
Txhua tus tau hnov txog Baron Munchausen. Txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis zoo nrog belles-lettres, ua tsaug rau cov xinesmas, yuav muaj peev xwm sau ob peb zaj dab neeg zoo heev txog nws ntawm ya. Lwm lo lus nug: "Leej twg sau zaj dab neeg "Lub Adventures ntawm Baron Munchausen"?
Pushkin sau pes tsawg zaj dab neeg? Peb teb nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim
Pushkin sau pes tsawg zaj dab neeg? Lub nto moo loj-kho ib tsab ntawm nws tej hauj lwm muaj xya tej hauj lwm muaj feem xyuam rau cov hom ntawv no. Thawj zaug hauv daim ntawv teev npe no yog zaj dab neeg me me "Tus Poj Niam" (1825), thiab cov npe tau ua tiav los ntawm "Golden Cockerel"
Tus cwj pwm twg yog chameleon? Peb tsom xam zaj dab neeg ntawm A.P. Chekhov "Chameleon"
"Brevity is the sister of talent." Cov lus no tuaj yeem ua tiav rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kws sau, Anton Chekhov. Tsis tas yuav dhau ib zaj dab neeg luv luv lossis zaj dab neeg luv luv, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov duab capacious, kov rau ntau yam sib txawv - kev sib raug zoo thiab nyob mus ib txhis
"Zadoshchina": xyoo tsim. Monument ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lig XIV - thaum ntxov XV centuries
Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog xws li ib tug zoo monument ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv li "Zadonshchina". Xyoo ntawm creation, sau, compositional thiab artistic nta - peb yuav tham txog tag nrho cov teeb meem no nrog koj
Qhia ntawm Onegin thiab Lensky
Onegin thiab Lensky yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Pushkin's immortal creation. Thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom to taub tus sau lub tswv yim, kom to taub tus kws sau paj lug lub hom phiaj, yog hais tias ib tug tsis tig mus rau kev tsom xam ntawm cov cim. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm Onegin thiab Lensky - lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no
"Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Shemyakin Lub Tsev Hais Plaub": zajlus, kos duab nta
Txoj hauj lwm uas peb xav tau yog tej zaum yog lub monument nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Nws lub npe tom qab txawm los ua ib tug pov thawj: "Shemyakin Court" txhais tau hais tias ib tug tsis ncaj ncees mus sib hais, ib tug parody ntawm nws. Paub yog poetic thiab ua yeeb yam hloov kho ntawm Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Shemyakin Tsev Hais Plaub, nrog rau nws cov kev tsim tawm nrov
Russian detectives: list. Lavxias teb sab detective sau ntawv
Cov npe ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav Lavxias zoo tshaj plaws pib nrog cov phau ntawv ntawm Grigory Chkhartishvili (uas yog, Boris Akunin). Nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib tug neeg uas xav paub ntau dua los yog tsawg dua rau cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no, uas yuav tsis tau hnov txog Txoj Kev Lom Zem ntawm Erast Fandorin
Vladimir Odoevsky: ua haujlwm los ntawm ib hom ntawv, lawv cov paj huam
Russian cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg tau khaws cia rau cov xeeb ntxwv ntau lub npe ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab kws sau ntawv. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Odoevsky - ib tug ntawm lawv - yog txaus siab rau hnub no. Hais txog nws cov dab neeg dab neeg, cov tshiab Utopian "Xyoo 4338: Petersburg Letters", sau "Lavxias teb sab Nights" yuav tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm
Tus sau ua haujlwm txog tsiaj thiab xwm
Lub ntsiab lus tsiaj txhu raug suav hais tias yog nyob mus ib txhis. Nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si hauv cov lus dab neeg thiab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm classical thiab niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv. Alexander Kuprin, Jack London, Gerald Durrell - cov no yog cov kws sau ntawv uas tau sau txog cov tsiaj (cov npe nyob deb tsis tiav)
Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm "Au, cas tuag peb hlub" Tyutchev. Keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm paj huam
Cov kab lus tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab paj huam ntawm paj huam nto moo los ntawm Fyodor Tyutchev "Au, cas tuag peb hlub", uas yog ib feem ntawm lub voj voog Denisyev
"Harry Potter": Muaj pes tsawg ntu muaj dab tsi?
Cov kab lus no tau mob siab rau keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab zaj dab neeg ntawm epic "Harry Potter" - cov haujlwm nto moo ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv JK Rowling
Tus Sau Sorokin: tus tswv ntawm kev xav
Cov kab lus tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov paj huam ntawm kev xav hauv kev hais lus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv niaj hnub nto moo Vladimir Sorokin
Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Turgenev. Ua haujlwm los ntawm Turgenev
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev yug hauv tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe hauv xyoo 1818. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov neeg sau ntawv loj hauv Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 19th tuaj tawm ntawm qhov chaw no. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav xav txog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Turgenev